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The business practice was carried out in the Oasis, Dunas and Guadalupe farms, belonging to the company GRUPO 20. S.A, located in the municipality of Turbo, Zona Bananera de Urabá. The purpose of the business practice, was to develop activities focused on the task fruit protection carried out by the operators, following the internal procedures manual. The main problems that affected the physical appearance of the fruit were identified, and to solve this, the management of field work was taken into account and in this way the importance of evaluating the execution of said activities within the cultivation, contributed to the efficiency in the production process and to the implementation of timely correction strategies that in turn allow obtaining a final product with the quality that is requested within the demands of the market.

El maíz, es uno de los cereales más importantes del mundo, suministra elementos nutritivos a los seres humanos, a los animales. El objetivo de la práctica empresarial fue establecer cuatro genotipos de maíz para la producción de silo y grano en el centro experimental Agropecuaria La Camila En Cereté – Córdoba. El estudio se realizó en cinco lotes experimentales, donde se realizó el seguimiento y manejo agronómico a cuatro genotipos de maíz, en los que se encuentran Status Agrisure® Viptera 3, Cerato convencional, DK 7500Vt triple pro, y como Refugio se utilizó semillas de la variedad Impacto. Los resultados muestran que la variedad STATUS Agrisure® VIPTERA 3, presentó un rendimiento superior a los demás materiales en los diferentes lotes experimentales, registrando el mayor rendimiento, con valores de 5,6 toneladas, superando a los demás materiales evaluados. Para la producción de silo se obtuvo un rendimiento alrededor de 20 toneladas /ha este rendimiento quizás no fue el esperado debido a muchas variantes de tipo climáticos en el lote asignado para la producción de silo.

Se llevo a cabo el establecimiento del cultivo de ají dulce (Capsicum spp) en donde se hizo seguimiento y supervisión a las actividades correspondientes al manejo agronómico del cultivo en el Municipio de Montería, Córdoba. El objetivo de las prácticas empresariales es Diseñar y ejecutar un modelo agronómico para evaluar el comportamiento del cultivo de ají en sus fases de vivero, trasplante a campo, y cosecha en asocio con las especies coco (Cocos nucifera L.) y plátano (Musa AAB simmonds) en condiciones de sitio preestablecidas y manejadas con riego y drenaje, cuantificando variables agronómicas y económicas de interés productivo para la compañía Amanatura S.AS. Se eligió un área específica en la finca Francia de 1.2 ha con un numero de plantas establecidas de 13727 plantas de ají, esta área se distribuyó en las calles donde se encontraban instalados los aspersores para el riego del cultivo de coco con el fin aprovechar la cobertura del sistema de riego. Los resultados del cultivo de ají respecto al rendimiento fueron 22.56 toneladas en un periodo de 7 meses de producción, dejando una rentabilidad del 168%, satisfaciendo las expectativas económicas con respecto a lo proyectado y lo que se obtuvo realmente en ingresos para la empresa.

A monitoring of mites, insects and diseases was carried out in the cultivation of Tahiti lime (C. latifolia Tanaka) in order to determine its incidence and control. This crop belongs to the company AGROINDEFUTURO S.A.S in the farm the independence of the municipality of Planeta Rica, Córdoba. Five batches of Tahiti acid lime called Nonmebrome 1, Nonmebrome 2, Nonmebrome 3, Mirolindo and Carimagua were sampled. In the trees sampled by lot it was determined that the pests were located in tender shoots and fruits, therefore, the presence of Hindu mite (Schizotetranychus sp), red spider (Tetranychus urticae), diaphorina (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella), and citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus). In determining the incidence of each of them it was found that initially they could cause agroeconomic damage to the crop, therefore, corrective measures were established that were positive, which resulted in a decrease in the final incidence of pests on the crop. Additionally, the presence of diseases gummosis and anthracnose was found with an incidence of less than 1% after having performed a generalized sampling in the cultivation of lime cv. Tahiti, with 22,448 trees based on the symptoms observed in the organs of the plants. It was concluded that the implementation of good agronomic practices in cultivation helped to reduce the increases in insect pest populations between a range of 0.41% to 15.25% for Hindu mite, 4.6% to 23% for red spider, 0.59% to 11.84% for diaphorina, 7.05% to 21.53% for citrus leafminer and 1.69% to 21.40% for thrips.

A support process was carried out applying the participatory approach of the PBA corporation, to 106 producers from 4 organizations, located in the Berástegui, district, municipality of Ciénaga de Oro (Córdoba). This accompaniment included technical training for crop improvement using the “learn by doing” methodology; the promotion of community participation through experiences of collective production and trials managed by Nuclei of Participatory Research (NIP), and technical assistance to producers in their individual and community production systems. It was evidenced that the producers: actively participated in the training and were able to apply the knowledge and practices learned in their agricultural systems; They responded to the recommendations generated from the technical assistance, which made it possible to improve the development of crops until harvest, and increased interaction in the different spaces where they participated, strengthening group work and giving more solidity to the organizations they participated in. belong.

The business practice was developed in the Sultana farm located in the municipality of Apartadó-Antioquia in the period from February 2021 to August 2021, this farm is part of the company name Cultivos Tropicana SAS, which is dedicated especially to the production and export of bananas. In the course of the development of the practice, the main objective was to analyze the quality of the fruit, making a profile of a selected bunch from each batch taking 5 samples in each one, it should be noted that in this process several specifications of the bunch are taken as is the length and degree of the fingers found in the sub-basal and apical hands, age of the fruit, number of hands, total weight of the first fruit, total weight of the fruit used or second fruit, stem weight and weight of defects found, in the latter we found defects characterized by harvest, cultivation, diseases and pests and environmental causes, focusing only on nontolerable environmental defects in prime shipments that affect production. In addition, some evaluations were carried out to determine the quality of the fruit during the harvest process, in which the quality of the crew and waste analysis were evaluated.

In order to improve the learning component on the management of export type banana plantations, this business practice was implemented, which was carried out in the Acacias and Ceiba farms of the company C.I TROPICAL S.A.S., whose main objective was to monitor the cultural work in nursery and establishment stages of the banana crop (Musa AAA) in these two farms in the Urabá region and thus contribute to better development, maintenance and production of the crop. The internship began with the induction and training on banana cultivation, where tasks were assigned in the supervision of the following tasks: planting of plants, weeding, cutting of the growing point of the shoots and rhizomes, planting and fertilization of these, counting and data entry of the shoots and rhizomes, counting and data entry of the shoots and rhizomes. In addition, work in the nursery stage was supervised: preparation of substrate and filling of bags, planting in bags, planting of meristems in bags, selection of propagation material, application of fertilizers, integrated management of pests, weeds and diseases. With the activities carried out, it was possible to obtain good quality seedlings and seeds, which were used in the renewal programs and harvest scheduling of different crop lots; plant health was also improved, among other things.

The internship was developed in the business group BANAEXPORT S.A.S, a company dedicated to the production of bananas export in the municipality of Carepa Antioquia, in which agronomic management and cultural activities were developed to increase the productivity of the crop. The objective of this practice was to accompany and supervise the cultural work of the banana crop on the farms. To fulfill this purpose, activities such as Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) monitoring, measurement of Moko (ralstonia solanacearum) area, population and vigor sampling, fertilization and weeding evaluation, pest monitoring, and foliar sampling were carried out constantly in the different lots of the farms. Each of these activities allowed to strengthen the knowledge in banana crop management, in addition to the agronomic management that was carried out in each one of them, and also identified the correct way to execute the different practices for crop management.

En el presente estudio se estableció la correlación existente entre la oferta de yuca, en el Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, durante el período 1976-2019 con diferentes factores que la influencian a lo largo del tiempo. Medida la oferta por las primeras diferencias de la producción, el área y el rendimiento físico, los resultados muestran que existe una correlación positiva y significativa al 5% con el diferencial del precio retardado 1 año; también lo es directa y significativa al 10% con el precio real del ñame como producto. Con el riesgo -clima la correlación es inversa y significativa al 10%. Aunque no es significativa a niveles inferiores al 10%, la correlación tiene los signos esperados a la luz de las predicciones teóricas de la teoría económica del productor: así, la correlación con el cambio técnico tiene signo positivo; el riesgo-precio, la variable aproximada al costo de producción, y la rentabilidad del producto competente tuvieron signo negativo.

This business practice was carried out in the milling company Arrocera Propaddy S.A.S., which was established as a formal company since July 17, 2014, starting its commercial activities on June 7, 2017, located in the municipality of San Marcos, Sucre, and has been dedicated to providing the service of milling rice in the husk or paddy rice. The aim was to supervise and monitor the operating people, in the processes of execution of tasks assigned for the processing of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), in order to implement improvements in their functions and efficiency. With the development of the activities carried out, it was possible to implement several strategies that allowed; (1) increase the efficiency of the entry of cargo vehicles, (2) reduce and / or avoid failures during processing that could affect the production of white grain and (3) carry out a maintenance stock system in the company. It is concluded that the accompaniment and assistance has been fundamental to train the operators in the post-harvest method and processing of the raw material and it is recommended to link qualified personnel to supervise the work in the mill.

Al finalizar el presente trabajo en la estación experimental la Victoria de Fedearroz, se puede concluir: Las especies evaluadas presentan similitud en cuanto a la morfología y el ciclo de vida del arroz comercial, destacándose que Echinochloa colona, no presenta aurículas ni ligua; Ischaemum rugosum, muestra una lígula larga con vellosidad, pero no presenta aurículas y la especie Oryza sativa (arroz maleza) presenta lígula larga y aurículas en la base de la lámina de la hoja, muy similar a la planta de arroz comercial. El inicio de macollamiento en todas las especies evaluadas, se presenta alrededor de los 12 a 14 días, lo que las hace muy competitivas con el cultivo, lo que amerita realizar controles en época de postemprana, entre los 6 a 12 días después de la emergencia del arroz y cuando las arvenses tengan máximo dos hojas formadas. El arroz maleza o arroz rojo, se puede diferenciar de las plantas de arroz comercial, ya que estas presentan mayor tamaño de la lámina foliar y color verde pálido, a causa de su poca exigencia a la fertilidad del suelo, lo que les permite ser más competitivas en diferentes ambientes adversos. Para un adecuado manejo de estas especies es necesario conocer sus características morfológicas y fenológicas, con el fin de establecer planes o estrategias de manejo integrado sin afectar el medio ambiente y disminuir los costos de producción del cultivo de arroz.

The cultivation of industrial cassava is of great economic importance in different municipalities of Córdoba and Sucre in our environment, in addition to being a great generator of jobs and benefits, for this reason it is important to contribute through our professional practices essential knowledge for good development of cultivation in the municipality of Caucasia-Antioquia for great performance because it is an area of little production. The business practice was carried out in the municipality of Caucasia - Antioquia with the purpose of supporting the work and activities of the rio viejo village, which is intended for the planting and production of industrial cassava. These tasks focused on training, monitoring and evaluating the harvesting, chopping and drying processes including the final production, noting that it is of great relevance to correctly develop all the activities that are directly related to the yield of the harvest, especially the handling of the machinery and the harvesting processes to avoid damages and alterations of the product that is limiting in the production of dry cassava or starch. In some cases, shortcomings were found in the way of carrying out the work and they were immediately supported by training the personnel, which contributed to an evident improvement of the harvesting process, demonstrating that technical assistance in these cases is essential for that the proposed goals are met in terms of the expected tasks.

Banana cultivation is positioned as one of the most important for the agricultural sector and the economy of Colombia, since it is one of the most job-generating crops for the agricultural sector, participating with 0.4% of the country's GDP, helping to improve the quality of life of many people. The largest fruit production in the country is focused in the Urabá subregión in Antioquia, Magdalena and Guajira, occupying the fifth place as fruit exporter worldwide. One of the priorities in the cultivation of bananas is to maintain good yields that allow the profitability of the production system, so it is necessary to implement different strategies that contribute to achieving it. The lack of renewal of the plantation is one of the influencing factors in the drop in production, since over the years the crop loses productive potential, which leads to a decrease in its quality and economic useful life, This activity is sometimes not carried out to avoid having productive ceases since when executing it, the traditional plantation must be eliminated and the new plants must wait for a certain period of growth until they reach calving, generating a loss of profit and being an economic disadvantage. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate three interplant systems: Traditional interplant with corm (ITC); Traditional interplant with seedling (ITP) and High density interplant with seedlings (IADP), which in turn were compared with the traditional cultivation (CTR) or control with open field sowing and without intervention, in order to know the different behaviors and evaluate them as a renewal alternative for management of banana cultivation under edaphoclimatic conditions of Apartadó-Antioquia.

Rice (Oryza sativa L), is a monocot belonging to the poaceae family. Worldwide, it is one of the most important crops in the agricultural sector as it is the staple food for more than half of the population, being one of the four most cultivated cereals in the world. The objective of the business practice was to establish and manage growth and yield evaluation experiments of six rice varieties in the experimental center La Victoria de Fedearroz in Montería. The study was carried out under a randomized complete block design with four replications and two treatments (Planting times). The varieties evaluated were: Fedearroz 2000, Fedearroz Clearfield IBIS, Fedearroz 70, Fedearroz 67, Fedearroz 68 and Fedearroz 2020, in order to know which one or which have better agronomic performance and yield, by monitoring and collecting data on the variables: Phenological phases of the plant, performance components, and evaluation of biotic damage by diseases. The results show that the variety Fedearroz 68 presented a superior yield to the other materials in all the sowing seasons, registering the highest yield, with values of 7.16 tons, surpassing the other evaluated materials.

Bananas are a staple in the diets of millions of people around the world and are vital for food security, in addition, they represent a valuable source of income, jobs and social development in the regions. However, the production is severely affected by the attacks of pests and diseases, which represent the main limiting factor in the production in the massive production of this tropical fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to implement integrated management strategies in banana cultivation that help minimize losses. Taking the above as a reference, the internship report was proposed, which aimed to accompany the Monitoring and evaluation of the management practices of the Cavendish-type banana crop (Musa AAA) at the Velero farm in Carepa, Antioquia. Cultural and sanitary work in the Cavendish-type banana cultivation was followed for 5 months at the Velero farm in the municipality of Carepa (Antioquia). In each lot of the farm, a visual inspection was carried out of the tasks of topping, surgery, deslamine, leaf removal, identification, tying and retying, deflowering, starting, stripping, weeding and fertilization. In addition, monitoring of insects, weeds and evaluation of disease incidence were carried out. The results showed that the timely performance of work monitoring will improve the quality in the performance of the work by the operators and by increasing the productive conditions of the plantation. Regarding phytosanitary management, the farm did not have an adequate system for the prevention and management of moko, which was reflected in the levels of incidence of the disease (10.95%) in some lots. Therefore, measures were implemented to mitigate the spread of the disease. Regarding pests, the presence of the insect Ceramidia viridis was found, although at very low levels (# adults / trap), which was managed in a timely manner by monitoring traps and the application of products was not necessary due to the low population. Of the insect. Within the cultivation work, it was found that during the weeding the operators did not bend the trunk and did not eliminate regrowth, errors that were very common in the lots. Based on the above, we can say that all the pertinent tasks for the proper management of the plantations were carried out, taking into account the indications given by the administration and improving the shortcomings found in the activities carried out by the operators.

Banana is a plant that is cultivated in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries and contributes to the feeding of the world population and to the economy of the countries that produce it. Reaching the foreign market has meant for banana producers, that they must comply with the mandatory export regulations and other regulations (certifications) to add value to the product. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate fruit protection and post-harvest (in barcadilla) work in the banana crop (Musa AAA Simmonds) of the El Antojo farm belonging to the company Plantaciones Churidó S.A.S. (Apartadó, Antioquia) in order to guarantee the quality of the fruit demanded by the foreign market. In the evaluation of the fruit protection tasks in a period of 14 weeks, their good execution was confirmed, showing 93% efficiency in week 8 (2021). In the evaluation of the barcadilla work, a good execution of this was also reflected by the personnel in charge of carrying out the calibrations and measurements of the fruit. All this made it possible to achieve the product with the quality demanded in the purchasing countries.

La práctica empresarial se realizó en la finca madrigal del Municipio de Apartado– Antioquia, la finca perteneciente al grupo empresarial Bananeras de Urabá S. A, la cual se dedica a la producción de banano calidad Premium para el mercado internacional en el zona norte de Antioquia. Con el objetivo de hacer seguimiento a las prácticas agronómicas y labores culturales que se realizaban en la finca buscando el mejoramiento de la calidad de fruta. Para cumplir con este propósito se realizaron supervisiones y visitas a labores en campo, revisando labores de deshoje, desmache, embolse, amarre, desmane, desflore, desdede, protectores o Yumbolon, desvió de racimos o hijos, fertilización, control de malezas y drenajes, con el fin de que cada operario ejecutara de manera correcta la labor, y se dieron pautas para mejorar su trabajo, además se realizó un ensayo de campo para evaluar dos estrategias de desmane: el tradicional de la zona del Urabá (F+2) y la del ensayo (F+1+1ra basal), con el fin de mejorar la calidad del racimo en cuanto al disminución de los defectos no aprovechable. Los resultados indicaron mejorías en la realización de las labores de campo y producción de fruta de una mejor calidad, mostrando mayor aprovechamiento de la fruta y una correcta ejecución de las prácticas para el manejo del cultivo de banano. El ensayo se obtiene menos defectos, que son propios de las manos basales y además se obtiene mayor porcentaje de manos medianas y pequeñas que facilitan en empaque.

En el presente trabajo se busca desarrollar un diagnóstico de la producción agropecuaria a través de la herramienta FODA en la zona rural de los Municipios de Sombrerete y Jiménez del Teul, Zacatecas – México. Para recopilar la información del presente diagnostico se determinó una muestra representativa mediante una formula para poblaciones finitas y posteriormente se aplicó una encuesta dirigida a 105 productores agropecuarios seleccionados en un muestreo aleatorio simple dentro de las dos comunidades durante el mes de Enero de 2020. Las preguntas de la encuesta se elaboraron en función de los siguientes aspectos: 1) perfil socioeconómico de los productores; 2) la tierra y los derechos sobre ella; 3) uso de suelo; 4) tecnología agrícola; 5) comercialización de productos agropecuarios, y 5) cría y explotación animal. Para tener representación municipal se determinó una muestra para poblaciones finitas, además la encuesta es un método que ofrece respuestas en términos descriptivos tras la recolección de información sistemática, de manera que se detectan patrones, relaciones entre características y eventos, y coadyuva al establecimiento de trabajo de investigación y extensión en las diferentes comunidades objetivos (PRODETER) Proyectos De Desarrollo Territorial , estos datos fueron procesados en Excel 2013 y los resultados encontrados en el diagnostico después de realizar las evaluaciones correspondientes, se concluye que en las zonas rurales de los municipios de Jiménez del Teúl y Sombrerete, Los sistemas de producción identificados difieren principalmente en las variables: edad y escolaridad, superficie de tierra propia y climatología de las zonas, asistencia técnica y apoyos por parte de los gobiernos municipales y estatales.

The cultivation of bananas is of great economic importance in our environment, in addition to being a great generator of jobs, for this reason it is important to contribute through our professional practices essential knowledge for the proper development of the crop. The business practice was carried out in the municipality of San Juan de Urabá - Antioquia in order to support the daily work and activities of the El Laguito farm, which is intended for the export of Hartón variety banana. These tasks focused on monitoring and evaluations from sowing to final production, pest and disease management, supervision in tasks such as fertilization and weed management, among others, noting that it is of great relevance to correctly develop all activities that are directly related with crop performance, especially the management of diseases such as Black Sigatoka that is limiting in production. In some cases, shortcomings were found in the way of carrying out the work and they were immediately supported by training the personnel, which contributed to an evident improvement in production, demonstrating that technical assistance in these cases is essential for the proposed goals regarding the expected returns are met.

El arroz, es el segundo cereales de mayor importancia y consume en el mundo, además es materia prima de gran importancia en la elaboración de alimentos procesados. La práctica empresarial se realizó con el objetivo de conocer el manejo agronómico de variedades de arroz (oryza sativa L) bajo diferentes épocas de siembra del centro de investigación la victoria Fedearroz – Montería. El estudio se realizó bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro (4) repeticiones, y seis (6) tratamientos (genotipos) por cada repetición. Las variedades evaluadas fueron Fedearroz 2000, Fedearroz 473, Fedearroz 70, Fedearroz 67, Fedearroz 68 y Fedearroz Yemaya. Para conocer cual o cuales presentan mejor comportamiento agronómico, rendimiento y de sus componentes, mediante seguimiento y toma de datos de las variables: Altura de plata, fases fenológicas de la planta, evaluación de daños bióticos. Los resultados muestran que la variedad Fedearroz 70 presentó un rendimiento superior a los demás materiales en todas las épocas de siembra, presentó el mayor rendimiento, con valores de 5,02 toneladas, superando a los demás materiales evaluados.