Vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones ribereñas del río Sinú ante la erosión fluvial. Ejemplo de caso centros poblados rurales de los corregimientos de Nariño y Palo de Agua del municipio de Santa Cruz de Lorica – departamento de Córdoba

Abstract

Climate Change is currently one of the main causes of environmental problems worldwide, although it was a theme defined by long periods of time in which there were great changes in the terrestrial surface, today we have records in which this dynamic periodicity has been modified and those large periods of time became much shorter affecting considerably the life on the planet. Increasing the continuity and intensity of extreme weather events as a result of climate variability and dynamics is leading to an increase in the associated disasters such as droughts and floods “The Colombian territory has been presenting an increase in the occurrence of events or natural disasters, such as floods, sudden increases, landslides, mass removal and forest fires, as well as the recurrent occurrence of small natural events of local order or Regional, which, even though they do not represent large immediate losses, are accumulating negative effects, which limit the development possibilities of municipalities (Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development - Minambiente, 2005). This is the case of several municipalities in the department of Córdoba, specifically in the municipality of Santa Cruz de Lorica, where problems of flooding and erosion are associated with the large water network and the numerous muddy complexes in the area. The municipality of Santa Cruz de Lorica is in an area of dangerous influence of these phenomena, which have caused serious damages, especially in the riverside housing infrastructure, in agriculture and in general in all the economic activities of the zone. The work is based on the application of a methodology that frames the evaluation of vulnerabilities, structural, non-structural, social, ecological and economic; from the identification of the hazard, with the calculation of the vulnerability integrated with the threat information, it is possible to calculate the risks in the municipality due to the river erosion. These results will be a great contribution for the decision making by the territorial entities for the application of prevention and mitigation measures according to the existing vulnerability. The risk stems from a versatile relationship of threat and vulnerability; thus, the decrease in any of them leads to a decrease in risk as a whole. Given that vulnerability is socially constructed and therefore susceptible to change as a result of natural, socio-natural or anthropogenic actions, it has now become the epicenter of attention for scientific communities of risk assessment and in disaster prevention. In this context, the objective of this work is to develop a method that can analyze and select between different technical procedures the most appropriate to the needs for the assessment of vulnerability to disasters associated with river erosion.