Determinantes sociodemográficos que influyen en el comportamiento suicida de los adolescentes: una revisión narrativa de la literatura 2015-2020

Abstract

Suicide is a highly complex public health problem with a growing prevalence that involves multiple consequences. It is one of the top three causes of death in people between 15 and 44 years of age, making the study of suicidal behavior and its determinants essential. sociodemographic influencing this. Suicidal behavior is defined as that which appears when a person experiences a situation in which he decides to end her life. This behavior is accompanied by a series of phases, the main one being a suicidal ideation, where this person begins to imagine the possibility of taking their own life; followed by the structuring of the suicide plan, which refers to a phase in which the subject plans the possible means and strategies to be used in the act; and lastly, he carries out the suicide attempt, which refers to the presentation of a behavior whose objective is to end his own life. Here is the importance of preventing risky behaviors in adolescents that lead to the presentation of suicidal behaviors and promoting the need to act in the face of this problem and in the same way reduce or mitigate the incidence from the family, social, educational and cultural sphere. Objective: The purpose of this bibliographic review, therefore, is to analyze the scientific evidence related to the sociodemographic determinants that influence the suicidal behavior of adolescents in the period 2015-2020. Method: Narrative review by means of a bibliographic search in the databases Scielo, Bvs, Embase, Science direct, Proquest, Pubmed. 30 articles published in the 2015-2020 period were selected in English, Spanish and Portuguese