Envíos recientes

El presente estudio tuvo por objeto evaluar el factor socioeconómico de la licencia ambiental otorgada al puerto de carbón y graneles en la zona de manejo especial de la Bahía de Cispatá, por la Corporación Autónoma Regional de los Valles del Sinú y San Jorge –CVS. Para ello, se revisó la normatividad de algunos países sobre el instrumento de Estudio Ambiental Estratégico (EAE) y los modelos de evaluación del impacto socioeconómico en la construcción de zonas portuarias. Además, se analizó el concepto técnico ULP N. 2014 – 318, acerca del ámbito socioeconómico del estudio ecológico y ambiental para el licenciamiento ambiental. Los resultados arrojaron que algunos países, en materia de EAE, poseen un marco normativo en el que definen el proceso para su implementación, así como modelos de evaluación socioeconómica para la construcción de terminales marítimas, en los que señalan las fases para evaluar el posible impacto de la actividad portuaria en la condición de vida y dinámica económica de la comunidad cercana. Se concluye que el criterio técnico sobre el estudio del entorno natural y ecológico en la dimensión socioeconómica para el licenciamiento ambiental del terminal marítimo carecía de sustento jurídico y de elementos de evaluación ambiental con enfoque socioeconómico, por no implementar el EAE y carecer de planificación estratégica de los posibles efectos en la población y el desarrollo económico regional al desconocer la presencia de comunidades étnicas.

Currently the economy of the countries has supported different aspects where the maritime aspect can be established as a fundamental basis in the evolution of the economy of the countries, so it can be affirmed that the ports and their different terminals are a fundamental element in terms of the economic infrastructure of any country. That is why, throughout this monograph, a set of aspects will be taken into account regarding the technological evolution that seaports have sustained throughout history and all the challenges that the different changes in physical infrastructure and technological transport, movement, interconnection, globalization and its impact on society, the economy and the future perspective in order to establish an improvement in terms of the country's position in the Logistics Performance Index that allows efficiency, competitiveness, area of production and final consumer in the destination market.

The main objective of this monographic work is to identify the opportunities that digital marketing strategies represent for companies dedicated to the commercialization of fast foods, and their application by them. For this, it is necessary to recognize the characteristics of the market and the way in which it develops in the digital context. In this way it will be possible to recognize the best options for the company when designing the digital marketing plan. It is necessary to establish a description of the situation of the restaurant market focused on fast food and its relationship with digital marketing and its tools. Information is presented from different academic and scientific sources such as repository files, magazine articles and books, which contribute to the identification of characteristics of digital strategies such as SEO positioning, SEM, online advertising, content marketing, social networks and Email marketing, each one with its own methods of application and scope determined as they are developed. Finally, it is important to recognize which will be the most appropriate strategy according to the objectives set with the implementation of this, for this it is necessary to design a digital marketing plan following a detailed order, which was possible to explain based on the contributions made by different exponents of the theme.

Autonomous vehicles are a disruption of the automotive industry that has gained popularity in international logistics management and that can contribute to the development of said operations. That is why, in the current monographic work, the incorporation of autonomous transport vehicles in international logistics management is studied; for this, three chapters were developed, the first describes the general aspects of autonomous vehicles, their origin, applications, the components that guarantee their operation and the regulations that govern them; This information is of special relevance to have a first approach with this technology and the needs that it can satisfy. The second chapter presents the autonomous transport vehicles that have been incorporated into international logistics management processes, the companies that are developing innovations in this field, and the tests and prototypes that have been carried out at a global level are shown. The last chapter points out the economic benefits of using autonomous vehicles in international logistics management processes, compared to conventional vehicles; similarly, its competitive advantages in terms of costs, delivery times and customer satisfaction are highlighted; and as a counterpart, the disadvantages associated with its adoption, the limitations of its massive deployment and the barriers that it currently has are mentioned.

E-Commerce is a tool that can be used in any environment where something is exchanged, such as documents between companies, purchases or acquisitions, finance, industry, legislation, revenue or tax collection, health and transportation. This medium has become a channel for direct and indirect sales of products, with uninterrupted technical support that allows customers themselves to find what they need. This tool is very useful for companies, since it allows them to share their databases to agree on transactions, prepare orders, contract suppliers, among others, guaranteeing cost reduction and greater efficiency in sales processes. Because of the mandatory isolation due to covid-19, digital platforms allowed Colombians to buy all kinds of products from home. Not only the most essential products, such as groceries and health items, but also opened the doors of restaurants and other businesses, allowing the economy to remain active.

A medida que pasan los años, surgen mayores desafíos, relacionados principalmente con la forma en la que la tecnología genera nuevas prácticas y conocimientos. La transformación digital influye en la forma en la que los clientes y consumidores se comportan, pero, sobre todo en el funcionamiento de las organizaciones. Actualmente, el Marketing Digital es una herramienta indispensable para que los negocios puedan lograr sus metas y objetivos a través de resultados medibles, su dificultad radica en definir cuál es la contribución neta y averiguar cómo obtener los datos que la determinarán. Además, ofrece múltiples beneficios como un alcance global, inmediatez y precisión en el target. Durante los últimos años, muchos han hablado del retorno económico de las inversiones de marketing y estrategias digitales, pero pocos han podido demostrar cómo se calcula y ciertamente, no contribuyeron a la idea de que se pueda hacer de una manera precisa, robusta y creíble. Por otra parte, la estructura de costos es un sistema activo de gestión que se realiza para entender cuál es el valor real de un producto o servicio, su análisis se debe realizar teniendo en cuenta cada uno de los aspectos, las variables y los objetivos que están alineados a la organización; Implementar este tipo de gestión financiera es fundamental para optimizar el desarrollo de cualquier tipo negocio, ya que determinar una Estructura de Costos permite que las empresas pueden llegar a un punto de equilibro y alcanzar su rentabilidad. Saber cómo hacerlo es solo el comienzo del proceso, comprender cómo utilizar sus resultados y conclusiones es la etapa final para sacar el máximo provecho, haciendo que el Marketing Digital sea estratégico y relevante para la organización. Es por esta razón, que tener un presupuesto para Estrategias en Marketing Digital es una consideración importante para todos los negocios en la actualidad, porque, aunque representa un gasto relativamente bajo, es una inversión para resaltar el mayor activo de cualquier tipo de negocio, su marca.

The omnichannel model, which is characterized in that the user is placed at the center of the relationship with the company and it proposes it and / or the sale of products from the experience, and not from each channel in particular. Taken to the extreme. a user's shopping experience should be able to be the same at any brand touchpoint. Although it is easy to say and very complicated to do, because the word itself implies that the companies that try it are, deep down thinking, in channels. (Ricart, 2019, Marketing section). The lack of omnicanality of ecommerce is a situation that over time has been influenced by multiple factors, such as competition; faced with this, the reliability they offer, the prices and budget of the client, the commercial strategies, the security, and others; consumers, exposed to so many stimuli in physical stores, will repeatedly seek to avoid the saturation of these places and eliminate those that are not necessary for the purpose of their purchase. More and more consumers do not have time to buy, so they seek to buy quickly and easily, so the purchase process is intensified as a discard process. Therefore, technology plays a very important role. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of omnichannel as one of the main marketing strategies that ensures that companies offer a quality service.

The present bibliographic review allowed to analyze the challenges that companies have in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, through which it was possible to inquire about the economic, social and political context that this new technological era entails and how traditional companies can enter in this new digital context. For this, an exhaustive search of recent research related to the subject is made, in order to theoretically validate the aspects dealt with in the monograph, emphasizing the importance of new technologies and the optimization in production that it means for companies. the Revolution 4.0. Fundamental aspects of the large companies that have been successful in this new context of digitization and the aspects that must be followed by companies that want to solve the challenges that arise are analyzed. In addition, the relevance of marketing online is emphasized, but it is also important to maintain physical marketing or through traditional channels, that is, to have business digitization as an alternative or support for the industrial growth of companies.

The Colombian agribusiness sector is mostly structured by MSMEs that are currently managing to stay in the market, after the ravages caused by the Covid 19 pandemic, these companies are taking into account digital marketing as a tool for positioning and business growth. In this way, this monograph's main objective is to make an analysis of digital marketing in companies in the agro-industrial sector. In the same way, an information collection methodology focused on the search for scientific articles recorded in academic databases was used. , taking into account data analysis parameters. The results show that digital marketing is transcendental for companies to grow in the markets where they enter, this type of marketing offers these companies the penetration of new markets, audiences and facilitates their internationalization, finally, companies that implement the digital marketing will have increases in customers and sales, which favors you to improve your financial capacity and stay in the markets

Technological disruption has generated a transcendental shift in traditional marketing processes; the hotel sector has not been immune to this evolution and has proactively adopted digital marketing strategies to improve its positioning. Due to the above, the current monographic work aims to propose digital marketing strategies for the positioning of the Hotel 41 Plaza brand, which is dedicated to providing accommodation and restaurant services in the municipality of Montería, Córdoba. To achieve this, first of all, the conceptual characteristics of digital marketing, its main strategies, the importance attributed to it and the most recognized tactics were recognized; secondly, the successful cases of the application of digital marketing strategies in the hotel and tourism sector were shown, and the benefits that this type of company can obtain by adopting them; to finally design a digital marketing plan aimed at Hotel 41 Plaza de Montería, whose purpose is the recognition and positioning of the brand in the national and international market, and has an external and internal analysis of the current situation of the hotel sector in the municipality, determines the strategies, tactics, traffic channels, objectives, roles, schedule of activities, budget, monitoring indicators, among other essential components of a digital marketing plan.

Including influencers in the digital marketing plan has been one of the most used tools by companies in recent years, due to the great positive impact that is generated thanks to the influencers and their ability and/or capacity to influence the purchase decision of the people who consume their content. This monograph has three chapters. In the first, there is a brief history, which through a summarized timeline is known a little about its evolution, starting with traditional marketing, followed by digital marketing, and lastly, influencer marketing. The second chapter is oriented to show the impact generated by this type of marketing, showing which are the most used social networks, what has been the evolution in terms of investment in this type of marketing, which are the countries with the most influencers, and the market value of influencer marketing Last but not least, chapter 3, shows how brands should implement this strategy in their digital marketing plan.

Con la realización del siguiente trabajo monográfico, se busca realizar una recopilación bibliográfica sobre la situación del comercio electrónico a nivel mundial, y en específico, sobre los casos de Brasil, México y Colombia, en la que se mostrará información sobre cómo ha ido evolucionando, el crecimiento y el impacto que ha tenido este en la economía de los países antes mencionados, antes y durante la pandemia del covid-19, y a su vez, realizar un breve análisis comparativo entre estos, con el fin de conocer las diferencias que existen entre países de la región en esta materia, y de los grandes avances que hubo a raíz del inicio de la pandemia.

With the following monographic work, the collection of bibliographic sources on the conceptualization of electronic commerce, payment gateways and streaming services is sought, specifying the process of an electronic transaction between banks, information on the growth in sales generated by the e-commerce platforms, the first countries that occupy the first places in 2019, and in turn make charts of the growth in sales in the last five years for the Netflix and Amazon Prime streaming companies as the main success stories

Con el auge de la tecnología, el marketing digital se ha convertido en un pilar fundamental para las organizaciones que buscan posicionarse en el mercado, es así, como muchas de ellas aprovecharon la contingencia generada por la Pandemia decretada por el Covid-19 en el mundo para fortalecer sus procesos digitales. Es por esto, que la presente monografía se enfocó en estudiar las estrategias digitales que ha implementado el Grupo Empresarial Éxito desde el año 2016 al año 2020, arrojando resultados muy positivos y logrando posicionarse por su transformación digital. Lo que generó buenos resultados en cifras de ventas, fortalecimiento del omnicanal, aumento del número de vendedores en el Marketplace, aumento en las descargas de las aplicaciones móviles, entre otras estrategias que llevaron a este grupo Empresarial a mantenerse en el mercado.

La importancia de las redes de distribución logística es que a través de este mecanismo de acción abarca todas las fases de compra de un producto. Es decir, desde su elección, procesamiento de pago hasta hacer énfasis en el traslado oportuno de la mercancía hacia su destino, siendo esenciales para la comercialización de productos a nivel internacional. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo general de la monografía es analizar las Redes de Distribución Logística Internacional. En cuanto a la metodología, se realizó una revisión documental de fuentes primarias, con el fin de desarrollar los objetivos planteados y describiendo los resultados, que servirán como soporte en el análisis y conclusión de la monografía. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se destaca la importancia de la logística en las empresas tanto nacionales como internacionales, ya que permiten realizar intercambios comerciales a lo largo de todo el planeta, por otro lado, se estableció que estas redes abarcan a toda la organización, desde la gestión de materias primas hasta la entrega del producto terminado. En cuanto a la definición de los diferentes modelos, se estudiaron diez diferentes propuestas, mediante las cuales se determinó que existen opciones logísticas para todo tipo de empresa, las cuales se pueden adaptar según sus necesidades e inclusive combinar varias de estas que abarquen la estructura física y la gestión online, con el fin de obtener mejores resultados empresariales.

In this writing, it will be detailed how a good process is carried out for the international transport of dangerous goods, taking into account relevant aspects such as the labeling and labeling of goods and transport units, the responsibilities of each of the actors that involved, the respective documentation that must be provided in the process and a description of the vehicles that must be used. In addition, the transport of these goods presents a high volume of movement through roads from different countries, for this reason the proper handling that this activity should have is disclosed, based on this, the characteristics of each of these substances are identified, comparing their risks and imparting preventive knowledge to all workers and collaborators who participate in activities related to the handling of said substances. So, a series of regulations are created, created long ago by international organizations, which seek to prevent or mitigate accidents with this type of merchandise, and provide a series of labeling, packaging, storage and transportation provisions, that are complemented by the regulations of each country, in the particular case of Colombia some of them, Law 9 of 1979, Decree 1609 of 2002, NTC 1907, and NTC 4702 1-9.

The purpose of this paper is to expose the digital marketing strategies implemented in the four main telecommunications companies in Colombia, América Móvil, which operates under the name of Claro, Une with its operator Tigo, Telefónica under the operator Movistar and Partners Telecom with its WOM operator. To fulfill the proposed objective, three chapters were developed; the first recognizes the conceptual elements of digital marketing, its importance, origin and defines the most representative techniques in the current market; the second chapter describes the main characteristics of the telecommunications industry worldwide, how it has led the adoption of the Internet and digital marketing in its operations, and briefly describes the organizations under study, their importance for the Colombian industry and its contribution of value to the country's economy; finally, the digital marketing strategies implemented by the main Colombian telecommunications companies are studied, the ways in which they achieve rapprochement with their audience and the type of information they share with greater recurrence, and a comparison of some metrics in social networks is made, which allow identifying the company with the highest number of followers, reactions, interactions, times shared, among others.

The current work aims to analyze the adoption of reverse logistics in Colombian companies, for this, three stages were developed, the first is composed of the main characteristics of reverse logistics and the importance it has for the environment and development of the industry, this section also describes the modalities under which this technique can be implemented; in the second stage of the project, the most used reverse logistics practices worldwide and the success stories of some multinationals that use this type of alternatives to improve their processes are exposed; in the last stage, some Colombian sectors and companies that apply reverse logistics are detailed to contribute to the reduction of solid waste in the country, such as the food industry, the plastic industry, the cardboard and paper sector, and companies dedicated to the sale of electronic products. For the development of the project, the technique called documentary review was used, which consisted of the investigation of information related to the conceptual components and the practices of reverse logistics; this process was carried out in the academic databases that were available to researchers and that allowed to collect, analyze and interpret the most relevant information

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar la logística de aprovisionamiento internacional de la empresa Bavaria comprendido desde el año 2018 a 2021, tomando en cuenta aspectos como la descripción de la logística de aprovisionamiento como función eficiente para los procesos productivos de las empresas; así como también, en la empresa Bavaria específicamente y la incidencia que existe del aprovisionamiento internacional en esta organización. Asimismo, este trabajo se lleva a cabo mediante el desarrollo de la monografía que corresponde a la recopilación teórica sobre tema objeto de estudio, a través de la revisión documental. Se obtuvo como conclusión, que a pesar de que la Empresa Bavaria posee una adecuada logística de aprovisionamiento en los años 2018 a 2021, se ha visto afectada su productividad debido al colapso de puertos, el encarecimiento de materias primas, falta de transportista; sumándose también la pandemia de COVID-19 a partir del mes de marzo 2020

Advances in technology are directly linked to the evolution of business procedures and today a prominent word in this context is Artificial Intelligence, a technique through which machines acquire logical reasoning and can make decisions, capabilities that were previously exclusive to humans. The logistics industry has not been left out of the adoption of these disruptive systems, and in recent years it has taken advantage of their capabilities to improve all supply chain processes. It is for this reason that the present work has as its fundamental objective to analyze the incorporation of artificial intelligence in the global supply chain; for this, the conceptual components of Artificial Intelligence (AI), its origin, evolution, importance and the characteristics of its implementation are initially recognized; equally, the artificial intelligence techniques that have been adopted in each of the stages of the global supply chain are pointed out; and finally, the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of its application are exposed. For the development of the work, the documentary review was used as a technique, which allowed condensing and analyzing the physical and digital documents that contain knowledge about artificial intelligence and its adoption in the supply chain.