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Education in Colombia has been constantly changing over time, rethinking its methodologies and approaches to promote teaching and learning according to the contextual and educational needs. This research paper is part of the Master's degree work in Didactics of Natural Sciences at the University of Cordoba - Colombia. The general objective was to analyze the (STEM) approach and its contribution in school chemistry education at La Salle School, Monteria, towards the resolution of contextual problems through the implementation of a Didactic Tutor Module (DTM). To achieve this purpose, three methodological phases were proposed: The first one consisted of characterizing the scientific production regarding the (STEM) approach and a possible relationship with the teaching of chemistry from the contextual problem solving within the national and international framework in the decade 2014 - 2021 [In press]. In the second phase, a qualitative study was used to identify the curricular links in the La Salle school, Monteria and ministerial on the teaching of (STEM) disciplines in terms of contextual problem solving. The results show that in the chemistry curriculum, the attempt to homogenize and parcel out the learning process prevails, neglecting individualities and addressing staggered curriculum contents, with high abstraction and without context. In the third phase, these findings were interpreted to design, implement and evaluate a Didactic Tutor Module (DTM) integrated to the (STEM) approach to promote inquiry in contextualized chemical education in terms of contextual problem solving. In conclusion, a decisive factor for implementing didactic and pedagogical improvements that promote not only disciplinary aspects, but also formative and motivational aspects is the homogenization and curricular disarticulation that hinders an adequate teaching and learning of chemistry applied to contextual problem solving.

El presente documento tiene como objetivo general integrar los fundamentos del pensamiento crítico en la planeación de la enseñanza en educación ambiental a través de una estrategia didáctica gamificada con los estudiantes de sexto grado de la Institución Educativa Liceo Sahagún Cooperativo Mixto. Para ello se establecen los principales referentes teóricos de las categorías seleccionadas que son gamificación en el campo de la educación, pensamiento crítico y estrategias didácticas. Se tiene en cuenta una metodología con paradigma socio crítico, de tipo cualitativo y enfoque de Investigación Acción Participativa. Los principales resultados dan cuenta de la ausencia de estrategias asociadas a la potenciación del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes seleccionados, por tanto, se establece la necesidad de desarrollar una secuencia didáctica gamificada que logre fomentar en los estudiantes las habilidades de pensamiento crítico como son: la interpretación, análisis, evaluación, inferencia, explicación y autorregulación. Se concluye que el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, de estrategias didácticas gamificadas y metodologías de trabajo colaborativo favorecen el desarrollo de las habilidades de pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes. Así mismo, se pudo concluir, que, al integrar los fundamentos del pensamiento crítico en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental desde la temática del medio ambiente, se observó en los estudiantes el despliegue de habilidades reflexivas, analíticas y argumentativas que permitieron la construcción de conocimiento desde la realidad contextual del estudiante, favoreciendo el aprendizaje y maximizando la participación en las actividades propuestas.

The results of a research project at the master's level are presented, carried out from a problem reflected in the teaching and learning of sciences at the basic secondary level. The objective of this research was focused on strengthening scientific competencies in the area of natural sciences in eighth grade students of the El Poblado Educational Institution, through the design and implementation of didactic guides. Taking into account that the teaching of sciences currently demands timely intervention from educational practices in order to generate alternative solutions to problems that inhibit the learning process. Methodologically, it was a qualitative type of research, framed in the interpretive paradigm and the case study approach; through data collection instruments such as observation and the diagnostic questionnaire. On the other hand, among the techniques for the analysis of the information, the software Atlas ti version 8 and the hermeneutic triangulation were implemented. Initially, a diagnostic questionnaire was applied to find out the levels of scientific competences: comprehensive use of scientific knowledge (UCC), explanation of phenomena (EF) and inquiry (IND) in the population under study. Next, a documentary analysis of the eighth grade curricular (mesh) and didactic (guides) material, sent during the Covid-19 contingency, was made. The results of the diagnosis showed low levels in the UCC and EF skills. In addition, a disarticulation of the curricular mesh and didactic guides was reflected with respect to the strengthening of scientific competences. In this sense, a didactic guide model is proposed for the promotion of UCC, EF and IND competencies, through the development of themes related to human reproduction. From this didactic strategy, significant and favorable results are evidenced in the advancement of science skills.

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la incidencia del uso de simuladores interactivos (PhET) como recurso didáctico en el aprendizaje de la física en los estudiantes de la media académica del colegio Jean Piaget del municipio de Chinú Córdoba. EL problema de este estudio radicó en la transformación de la educación presencial debido a la pandemia Covid-19 que obligó a la población educativa a abordar los planes de estudio desde la virtualidad, además, la insuficiencia de materiales e insumos e infraestructura adecuada para llevar a cabo las prácticas de laboratorio en el plantel. Metodológicamente se basó en una investigación descriptiva analítica utilizando como técnicas la revisión documental, la observación, las guías y la entrevista. La población objeto de estudio corresponde a los 62 estudiantes de la media académica del colegio Liceo Campestre Jean Piaget de Chinú, tomando como muestra de estudio los 34 estudiantes que conforman el grado décimo, los cuales poseen características similares, como la edad, las condiciones socioeconómicas y desempeño académico. Cómo resultados se encontró que el simulador PhET es de alta calidad y propicio para la labor docente comparado con otros simuladores como edumedia, geogebra, educaplus, pues estos requieren ciertas licencias y además su complejidad al momento de su uso no facilita su interacción entre estudiante y simulador, además que el diseño de guías basadas en simulaciones PhET son una herramienta para el fortalecimiento de competencias científicas y tecnológicas, además se evidenció que el desempeño de los estudiantes tuvo un impacto favorable con la implementación de las guías y se mostraron con mayor interés al momento de abordar las temáticas trabajadas. La conclusión a la que llegó el grupo investigador fue que los recursos virtuales como el simulador PhET en las guías son un elemento oportuno, atractivo y de calidad que promueve el conocimiento científico, trabajo colaborativo y aumenta la motivación e interés del estudiante para aprender, así mismo se determinó que las guías de laboratorio diseñadas a partir de simulaciones PhET se convertirán en un gran recurso para los docentes de media académica al momento de realizar sus planeaciones académicas facilitando el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.

Existe la necesidad de fomentar en educación secundaria la argumentación científica escolar, para validar sus aportes en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la química y su relación con el modelo de salud y enfermedad en Educación Secundaria, por lo que se observa en los estudiantes poca iniciativa en el estudio de la información nutricional de los alimentos de consumo habitual, su composición química y el efecto de las sustancias que los componen en la salud. En este sentido la investigación estuvo orientada a indagar las problemáticas asociadas al modelo de salud y enfermedad de mayor prevalencia en estudiantes de educación secundaria del colegio La Salle, Montería. La metodología implementada en la fase inicial se ajustó a un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, apoyada en algunos parámetros estadísticos relacionados al estado nutricional desde las medidas antropométricas, hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en estudiantes de noveno grado. Los resultados indican que un porcentaje de los estudiantes encuestados se encuentra en riesgo de padecer obesidad, la cual se asocia a la predilección en el consumo de productos refrescos y bebidas gaseosas cuyos efectos secundarios se relacionan con enfermedades como obesidad, diabetes, afecciones digestivas, enfermedades cardiovasculares y biocorrosión dental. Por otra parte, en la segunda fase se implementaron talleres y cuestionarios cualitativos para reconocer el nivel de argumentación desde la comprensión de situaciones sociocientíficas desde el modelo salud- enfermedad, encontrando que el 50% de la población encuestada se encontraba en el segundo nivel argumentativo (Morales & Salgado, 2017a quien cita a Osborne, 2004) lo que limita la producción de textos científicos. En cuanto a la tercera fase, se diseñó e implementó una UD ajustada por los autores de Quintanilla (2013). En este sentido, el análisis post a la UD, permitió reconocer una migración en los niveles de argumentación de los estudiantes por lo que más del 50% de los encuestados se encontraron en un nivel argumentativo 4 y el 30% al nivel cinco, resaltando la pertinencia de implementar las unidades didáctica en la química escolar. En la fase cuatro, se evaluaron los niveles de argumentación post a la intervención didáctica a partir de un cuestionario final, y así mismo, la evolución del modelo mediante el programa estadístico SPSS. Por lo que el alfa de Cronbach para la evaluación de la construcción del modelo salud- enfermedad a partir de los niveles de argumentación científica escolar en química posterior a la UD, del momento final, arrojó un valor de ,0823 para una confiablidad alta comparada con el momento inicial el cual fue de 0,713.

El rol del docente en el campo educativo es el pilar en el desarrollo integral del estudiante. En el área de las ciencias naturales y la educación ambiental el docente juega un papel fundamental en el proceso de enseñanza –aprendizaje del ambiente. La manera como este concibe el ambiente se ha convertido en la base de la transformación del pensamiento del estudiante. Desde la práctica de la enseñanza se observa en el docente que las conductas con relación al ambiente son repetitivas y poco motivadoras, influyendo en el interés o desinterés que muestran los estudiantes por aspectos relacionados con el ambiente. El objetivo de la investigación es indagar las concepciones ambientales que poseen los profesores de Ciencias Naturales y analizar cómo estas constituyen un factor potencializador para generar valores ambientales en sus estudiantes. Bajo un enfoque cualitativo la presente investigación se desarrolló en una fase de indagación a partir de una entrevista estructurada y posteriormente una fase de análisis de la información a través del software Atlas ti que ayudó a proponer un modelo de trabajo para docentes de Ciencias Naturales. Los resultados destacaron las categorías sistémico y antropocéntrico seguido de naturalismo y activismo y en menos escala la resolutiva y uno sin claridad. La concepción ambiental con mayor frecuencia (sistémica) al estar basada en la relación que existe entre la naturaleza, cultura y sociedad conlleva a tomar mejores decisiones en lo relacionado con la conservación del ambiente potencializando así el desarrollo de los valores ambientales en los estudiantes que son necesarios para adquirir un compromiso de responsabilidad ambiental.

The present research work entitled "Environmental Education from Previous Meanings about Water of Students and their Family Environment in the Santa Isabel Educational Institution in Puerto Escondido, Córdoba", arises from the interest in investigating the previous meanings about water in students of a rural Educational Institution. The objective was to design a didactic unit for the strengthening of environmental education in the Santa Isabel Educational Institution, Puerto Escondido-Córdoba based on the previous meanings about water that students and their family environment have. As a methodology, a qualitative approach was used, used under the hermeneutic-interpretative paradigm. As results, it was found that the previous knowledge about water that the students have is based on utilitarianism and that there is a transfer of that thought from their family environment. By comparing the meanings about water that students have with the official documents required by the Ministry of Education, a starting point can be established for the construction of didactic units that favor the construction of new meanings about water from a more biocentric vision, where the family environment plays an important role in the transmission of knowledge and practices that favor the protection of their environment.

This research focuses on the analysis of the incidence generated by Problem Based Learning - PBL as an active learning strategy, mediated from the instrumental use of didactic sequences in the formation of scientific competences from the teaching of chemistry in the ninth grade of the Eugenio Sánchez Cárdena Educational Institution (INESCA). Accordingly, it was considered appropriate to specify relevant aspects that support the practices of the ninth grade chemistry teachers, through a proposal of pedagogical intervention from the ABP that starts from a real acquisitive panorama of the scientific competences that the students handle and that, in response to the context, associates meaningful experiences in order to solve fictitious and/or real intentional problems. For this, it is traced from the socio-critical paradigm, and the qualitative approach, which although it presents dominance from a case study design, requires quantitative instruments to assess the intervention process. In this way, the phases are accompanied from the educational action research, considering pertinent the use of semi-structured interviews, direct and participant observation processes, evaluative rubrics, among others. The data previously processed from ATLAS-ti and SPSS allowed the verification of pertinent elements that affect a traditionalist experimental teaching practice that does not respond to the context of the students, who present unfavorable levels of performance. The conclusions allowed reflecting on the veracity of PBL as an active strategy that responds favorably to the particularities of the context.

Nowadays, implementing environmental education (EE) in all educational fields has become an urgent need, which requires to be attained. The way to achieve this goal is to design a proposal that strengthens regional identity. Hence, integrating EE, territories, socioenvironmental realities, and the educational community reflects the beginning of this strengthening process we need for EE to become an interdisciplinary subject. This qualitative research used the interpretative paradigm to study the cases of 8th and 9th grade students, teachers, parents, and elderly people from Institución Educativa El Silencio school community, who were selected by random convenient sampling and participated in the three stages of the investigation. During the first stage, participants’ perceptions of region, regional identity and environment were diagnosed so that their feelings towards environmental issues were identified and analysed using the Atlas Ti 9 Software and a data matrix. Likewise, in the second stage, socioenvironmental realities were analysed based on one-on-one conversations with the locals, which were key to determine that such realities are not a problem for the community but hold great potential. Therefore, based on this analysis the environmentally-educational “ETERPAR” proposal was presented; and after being evaluated by academic peers to determine its appropriateness, it was implemented in the Silencio, Puerto Escondido – Córdoba, Colombia community, with the support of the previously mentioned school, evoking the integration and strengthening of EE and the rural area in a systemic way; leaving individualism behind and consequently reaching for sustainability in the community.

The present document shows the findings of the research entitled Teaching conceptions on the inquiry competence in natural sciences of the research line Curriculum and teacher training in science of the master’s degree in Didàctica de las Ciencias Naturales the University of Córdoba, Colombia. The aim is to show the characteristics that training workshops should have that are the product of interpretations and analysis of teaching conceptions, theoretical contributions (ICFES, 2015; Bustamante Ruiz et. al, 2017; MEN, 2018; Ferreyra Quispe, 2019; Noel Hidalgo, 2020) on inquiry competence in natural sciences and its materialization in classroom practices. Given the qualitative nature of the research, an in-depth interview was used to characterize teaching conceptions, a simple triangulation to contrast the categories extracted from the conceptions and a group of discussion focal that raised reflections on classroom practices. The results evidenced a partial approach on conceptual and procedural aspects concerning inquiry competence. The contrast made it possible to understand that the teaching conceptions have a superficial approach to what the theorists establish. Thus, teaching-learning processes can result in an initial level of competence management and an incipient scientific training. The classroom practices are configured by the conceptions that teachers have, evidencing that these are manifested in the formation of students. This fragmentation between conceptions and theory served as a basis for establishing the criteria that would form part of the conceptual and procedural structure of the workshops, taking into account the staging of an approach to conceptual change as a first step towards continuing teacher education.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre los simuladores PhET y las clases experimentales en el aprendizaje del concepto de soluciones químicas desde los niveles de representación en estudiantes de media académica de una Institución educativa publica ubicada en el municipio de Momil, Córdoba, a partir de la implementación de una secuencia didáctica compuesta por seis sesiones donde de manera gradual, se plantean una serie de actividades articuladas y llamativas para mejorar los niveles de motivación y mostrar a la química desde una perspectiva diferente al trabajo memorístico, repetitivo y descontextualizado. La investigación tiene un carácter cualitativo, basada en la teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje multimedia, abordando el uso de palabras e imágenes como principio para la construcción del aprendizaje dentro de un proceso de enseñanza. En la recolección de datos se utilizaron como instrumentos la observación participante y guía de entrevista. Los resultados, muestran que los usos de simuladores, asociados a contenidos curriculares y actividad experimental, permite a los estudiantes construir conceptos de química, además de transitar entre abstracción y diferentes niveles de representación del conocimiento químico: macroscópico, simbólico y submicroscópico. La investigación contribuyó significativamente a una nueva visión en las clases de química y brindó momentos de aprendizaje de forma dinámica e interactiva con diferentes recursos que se pueden aplicar a todos los contenidos curriculares de un curso de química.

The Zenú indigenous reservation aims to strengthen the differential education of its inhabitants, which is why it is committed to the construction of the Community Educational Project (PEC). The different institutions of the reservation, including the Cruz Chiquita Educational Institution with collaborative work of teachers and experts from the community of the Zenú Indigenous Reservation in Tuchín-Córdoba, built the PEC, however, it has not been implemented for different reasons, for this reason reason, westernized educational processes continue to develop. The purpose of this research is to strengthen the Natural Sciences, Physical and Agricultural Education (Nature and Harmony) axis of Zenú's own curricular model, through Intercultural Environmental Education with the dialogue of knowledge in the students of the Cruz Chiquita Educational Institution. In this work, students' ways of conceiving territory, land and nature were identified and classified according to scientific knowledge or associated with ancestral knowledge (indigenous worldviews). A methodology with a qualitative approach is proposed, since it is interested in aspects of the social life of the communities with a hermeneutical paradigm because it interprets phenomena and feelings of the population under study. We worked with a population of 33 ninth grade students and a learning guide with indigenous texts and stories was used as a resource for taking results. Knowledge associated with scientific and / or ancestral knowledge and the convergence between these two types of knowledge were identified. When contrasting the conceptualizations of territory, land, nature, environment, ecology and Mother-earth, very marked evidence of scientific knowledge was found, which suggests the need to balance and integrate ancestral knowledge associated with the environment with other disciplines in students for the axis of Nature and Harmony, the above provided the basis for the construction of a pedagogical guide and thus continue to nurture it and encourage the other axes of its own curriculum. Own training needs are suggested to advance in the pedagogical component of the PEC, in this way it is expected to contribute to the strengthening of the component of the Indigenous Educational System of the Zenú SEIP People.

The purpose of this research was to design a didactic unit on chemical solutions that promotes the intrinsic motivation of the tenth grade students of the Antonio Ricaurte Educational Institution of Planeta Rica Córdoba-Colombia in the learning of Natural Sciences, attending to the need to respond to the challenges in the training of students, which requires innovative, contextualized and active strategies from the teacher, which encourage them to carry out inquiry, comparison, analysis and reflections on what they learn. To do this, we worked from a mixed approach, with a methodological design that responded to projective research; supported by a documentary review to establish the criteria in the design of a didactic unit and semi-structured interviews with students. Based on the results of the documentary review and semi-structure interviews, the design of a didactic unit was carried out that allowed proposing concepts and contextualized and active activities to promote the intrinsic motivation of students in learning chemical solutions. The contribution of this work consists of designing a didactic unit as a strategy that promotes the intrinsic motivation of students in the learning of chemical solutions, allowing them to participate actively in the construction of their learning.

The main objective of this research was to characterize the inquiry competence in learning the physical environment in e-Learning environments from the design of a didactic unit in physics in 5th-grade students. Executed in three phases and for which the levels of skills related to the competence of inquiry were identified in the students, the appreciations that teachers have regarding the competence of inquiry were described and a didactic unit based on the methodology inquiry and mediated by e-Learning environments, to include within the classroom processes activities that promote the appropriation of this competence and the formation of critical thinking. The methodology that applied was qualitative, descriptive, with a descriptive case study approach, applied to elementary school students, using instruments such as the IEPP evaluation rubric, teacher interviews, and bibliographic records. Likewise, content analysis, triangulation, and documentary review were used as data analysis techniques. The results allowed identifying that 45% of the students are located in the lower level of the inquiry competence, which implies the need to promote learning spaces focused on the strengthening of this competence from a learning based on the inquiry methodology, considering pertinent the design of a didactic unit that causes the increase of specific skills focused on the development of this competence, taking into account that from the teachers' perceptions, mediation and the integration of e-Learning environments play a decisive role to improve teaching-learning processes, specifying contextual relationships where the student can be a participant in their own learning

The purpose of this qualitative research is the implementation of a methodological strategy based on the application of precision laboratory practices (PLP), a data acquisition and analysis system based on the Arduino platform, applied to the movement of a slider on an air rail at low cost, seeking to contribute to the development of learning kinematic phenomena for tenth grade students of the Volcanes Educational Institution. This work presents an alternative to approach the teaching-learning process of kinematics through precision laboratory practices, mediated by the use of a data acquisition system (Arduino prototype and air rail) that allows modelling the rectilinear motion of a body through the development of open laboratory practices. To do this, the research team defined three search categories; Kinematics, Laboratory Practices and Data Acquisition System, used as a technique, documentary review, focus group interview and as instruments, descriptive tables, analysis schemes, which allowed to identify conceptual elements to prioritize kinematic learning, the construction of a rectilinear motion simulator (Arduino V Prototype and Air Rail) and an open guide structure that enhance the development of scientific skills

The learning of biology and its relationship with the training of environmental leaders in the basic secondary school level of the La Rada district, Moñitos-Córdoba, corresponds to a postgraduate research assigned to the Master's program in Didactics of Natural Sciences of the University of Córdoba , Colombia, from a qualitative-interpretive perspective, which, following a systematized methodology in the analysis of qualitative content, documentary analysis, non-participant observation and in-depth interviews, sought to analyze the relationship of biology learning with the training of environmental leaders in 12 7th grade students from the La Rada Educational Institution in the La Rada district, Moñitos-Córdoba. Through the identification of the foundations, development and applications as criteria and differentiating elements for the training of school environmental leaders. The methodological process was developed in three phases, which culminated in the proposal of an environmental tutor module, of a reflective and critical nature, based on four main categories: educate for the environment, train to build an Environment, lead to transform the context and share the transformed. The conclusions emphasize the importance of encouraging school environmental leadership and promoting the collective dynamics of environmental awareness and empowerment in adolescents and young people for the generation of commitments and actions in favor of environmental problems in their context.

The environmental problem is an issue of concern worldwide and although various strategies have been implemented to counteract, it has not been possible to stop this situation. Environmental education immersed in the curriculum of natural sciences, becomes an integrating field of knowledge, habits, skills, attitudes and values, so that it reflects that the content addressed, contribute significantly to the teaching-learning process, linking the human being with the environment and the context in which he is, allowing an integral formation of the students, which is expressed in their action towards the environment, respect for their environment and an adequate intervention of the present environmental problems. In this sense, the need arises to propose a study that allows designing a didactic unit mediated by learning landscapes to strengthen environmental competencies in seventh grade students in a rural context, promoted from the learning of natural sciences. The methodology was based on an interpretive paradigm, qualitative research, with a phenomenological approach, the participants were twelve (12) students. As results we have, in the diagnosis it is evident that the students moderately manage the competences of recognition of the environmental problem, (knowing how to know), acceptance of responsibility (knowing how to be) and responsible and informed action (knowing how to do), they manifest certain varied knowledge about the environment, but they lack to be more active and persistent when giving solutions to environmental problems. Subsequently designed the didactic unit, taking into account what was found in the diagnosis made and the documentary analysis carried out, with this it was possible to propose a structure for the didactic strategy, propose contents and activities to strengthen environmental competences, resulting in a significant process in which students have the possibility to contribute, learn, understand, strengthen and transform skills and learning habits. Likewise, the validation of the didactic unit mediated by learning landscapes is achieved, through experts in environmental issues, who presented their assessments after applying interview and focus group, evidencing that the planning and structuring of the unit is focused on strengthening the competencies in the students.