Sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad mental: una revisión integradora de la literatura 2015 - 2020

Abstract

Mental health is a fundamental part of the well-being of the human being, hence the importance of identifying and intervening in a timely manner the conditions of this, due to the indescribable suffering that it generates in patients, caregivers and relatives. People with mental illness need a family caregiver by their side, who, being totally dedicated to this work, presents different changes in their life, which in the long run ends up affecting their physical and mental health, generating in them a certain degree of overload. The objective of this work is to describe the scientific evidence related to the burden of family caregivers of people with mental illness; What studies and evidence are there in this regard, in order to create strategies from the nursing field that contribute to reducing this overload? In this review, 33 articles selected from the research inclusion criteria were explored. The results revealed that the family caregiver is affected in different aspects of his life such as: emotional, spiritual, physical and economic. Caregivers experience feelings of uncertainty, loneliness, depression, anxiety, stress, fear and fear, they are also physically affected; presenting tiredness, fatigue, lumbar injuries, joint muscle pain, its economy is also altered, since dedication to the patient prevents him from continuing with his work and the patient's expenses increase as time passes and the pathology worsens, finally affecting the quality of life, of the caregiver, who puts aside his life project, his dreams, to be at the service of his family member. This situation is aggravated because the burden of care is usually left on a single person, so it is necessary and essential to educate the caregiver and family about the disease, about the importance of sharing responsibility for care, crisis management and constant monitoring. Of the IPS to avoid overloads.