Publicación: Análisis químico y evaluación de la actividad biológica de extractos orgánicos de holothuria spp. frente a patógenos intrahospitalarios en Montería, Colombia
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Resumen en español
La biodiversidad marina ha dado lugar a una extraordinaria variedad de compuestos químicos, muchos de ellos con propiedades biológicas excepcionales. Estos metabolitos secundarios, le confieren ventajas adaptativas a los organismos marinos, las cuales han sido utilizadas por su gran potencial en áreas como la medicina, debido a sus propiedades anticancerígenas, antimicrobianas, antifúngicas y antioxidantes. En este estudio se identificaron estructuralmente 23 compuestos mediante la cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masas de impacto electrónico. De los 23 compuestos aislados 22 correspondían a ácidos grasos saturados e insaturados y uno de naturaleza esterólica. Por otro lado, mediante la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de la especie Holothuria grisea frente al radical catiónico ABTS+● se determinó el valor de IC50 de 235,32 μg/mL. En cuanto al ensayo antioxidante por el método del radical DPPH● se determinó un IC50 de 1604,27 μg/mL. La evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana de las dos especies de holotúridos se realizó frente a los aislados clínicos Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) y Gram negativas (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) por el método de microdilución. El extracto etanólico de H. grisea presentó porcentajes significativos a 2000 mg/L reduciendo el crecimiento de estos microorganismos, destacándose la mayor sensibilidad en la especie S. maltophilia con un porcentaje de reducción de crecimiento del 100% a 1250 mg/L, seguido de E. coli y E. faecium con porcentajes de reducción de 99,34% y 91,85% respectivamente. Por su parte, el extracto etanólico de H. princeps, no presentó una considerable inhibición del crecimiento en estas cepas bacterianas. Para la evaluación de la actividad antifúngica frente a las cepas del género Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata y C. auris), a nivel general los mejores resultados de inhibición de crecimiento se mostraron a mayores concentraciones de los extractos etanólicos (desde 2500 mg/L). Se evidenció que los aislados clínicos C. tropicalis y C. glabrata, fueron las cepas fúngicas más susceptible al extracto etanólico de H. grisea, presentando una reducción de crecimiento del 100% a 2500 mg/L y para H. princeps la cepa fúngica más suceptible fue C. glabrata, la cual presentó una reducción de crecimiento de 95,7% a 5000 mg/L.
Resumen en inglés
Marine biodiversity has led to an extraordinary variety of chemical compounds, many of them with exceptional biological properties. These secondary metabolites confer adaptive advantages to marine organisms, which have been used for their great potential in areas such as medicine, due to their anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. In this study, 23 compounds were structurally identified by gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass spectrometry. Of the 23 compounds isolated, 22 corresponded to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and one of a sterol nature. On the other hand, by evaluating the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the species Holothuria grisea against the cationic radical ABTS+●, the IC50 value of 235.32 μg/mL was determined. Regarding the antioxidant assay by the DPPH● radical method, an IC50 of 1604.27 μg/mL was determined. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the two species of sea cucumbers was carried out against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) clinical isolates by the microdilution method. The ethanolic extract of H. grisea presented significant percentages at 2000 mg/L, reducing the growth of these microorganisms, with the greatest sensitivity being highlighted in the S. maltophilia species with a growth reduction percentage of 100% at 1250 mg/L, followed by E. coli and E. faecium with reduction percentages of 99.34% and 91.85%, respectively. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of H. princeps did not present a considerable inhibition of growth in these bacterial strains. For the evaluation of antifungal activity against strains of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. auris), in general the best results of growth inhibition were shown Marine biodiversity has led to an extraordinary variety of chemical compounds, many of them with exceptional biological properties. These secondary metabolites confer adaptive advantages to marine organisms, which have been used for their great potential in areas such as medicine, due to their anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. In this study, 23 compounds were structurally identified by gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass spectrometry. Of the 23 compounds isolated, 22 corresponded to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and one of a sterol nature. On the other hand, by evaluating the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the species Holothuria grisea against the cationic radical ABTS+●, the IC50 value of 235.32 μg/mL was determined. Regarding the antioxidant assay by the DPPH● radical method, an IC50 of 1604.27 μg/mL was determined. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the two species of sea cucumbers was carried out against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) clinical isolates by the microdilution method. The ethanolic extract of H. grisea presented significant percentages at 2000 mg/L, reducing the growth of these microorganisms, with the greatest sensitivity being highlighted in the S. maltophilia species with a growth reduction percentage of 100% at 1250 mg/L, followed by E. coli and E. faecium with reduction percentages of 99.34% and 91.85%, respectively. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of H. princeps did not present a considerable inhibition of growth in these bacterial strains. For the evaluation of antifungal activity against strains of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. auris), in general the best results of growth inhibition were shown Marine biodiversity has led to an extraordinary variety of chemical compounds, many of them with exceptional biological properties. These secondary metabolites confer adaptive advantages to marine organisms, which have been used for their great potential in areas such as medicine, due to their anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. In this study, 23 compounds were structurally identified by gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass spectrometry. Of the 23 compounds isolated, 22 corresponded to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and one of a sterol nature. On the other hand, by evaluating the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the species Holothuria grisea against the cationic radical ABTS+●, the IC50 value of 235.32 μg/mL was determined. Regarding the antioxidant assay by the DPPH● radical method, an IC50 of 1604.27 μg/mL was determined. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the two species of sea cucumbers was carried out against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) clinical isolates by the microdilution method. The ethanolic extract of H. grisea presented significant percentages at 2000 mg/L, reducing the growth of these microorganisms, with the greatest sensitivity being highlighted in the S. maltophilia species with a growth reduction percentage of 100% at 1250 mg/L, followed by E. coli and E. faecium with reduction percentages of 99.34% and 91.85%, respectively. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of H. princeps did not present a considerable inhibition of growth in these bacterial strains. For the evaluation of antifungal activity against strains of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. auris), in general the best results of growth inhibition were shown at higher concentrations of the ethanolic extracts (from 2500 mg/L). It was evidenced that the clinical isolates C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were the most susceptible fungal strains to the ethanolic extract of H. grisea, presenting a 100% reduction in growth at 2500 mg/L, and for H. princeps the most susceptible fungal strain was C. glabrata, which presented a 95.7% reduction in growth at 5000 mg/L.