Publicación:
Análisis químico y evaluación de la actividad biológica de extractos orgánicos de holothuria spp. frente a patógenos intrahospitalarios en Montería, Colombia

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dc.contributor.advisorSantafé Patiño, Gilmar
dc.contributor.advisorQuirós-Rodríguez, Jorge A.
dc.contributor.authorJulio Berrio, Mirleth
dc.contributor.juryOviedo Zumaqué, Luis Eliécer
dc.contributor.juryValle Zapata, Hernan Alonso
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-05T17:13:39Z
dc.date.available2026-12-31
dc.date.available2025-02-05T17:13:39Z
dc.date.issued2025-02-03
dc.description.abstractLa biodiversidad marina ha dado lugar a una extraordinaria variedad de compuestos químicos, muchos de ellos con propiedades biológicas excepcionales. Estos metabolitos secundarios, le confieren ventajas adaptativas a los organismos marinos, las cuales han sido utilizadas por su gran potencial en áreas como la medicina, debido a sus propiedades anticancerígenas, antimicrobianas, antifúngicas y antioxidantes. En este estudio se identificaron estructuralmente 23 compuestos mediante la cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masas de impacto electrónico. De los 23 compuestos aislados 22 correspondían a ácidos grasos saturados e insaturados y uno de naturaleza esterólica. Por otro lado, mediante la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante del extracto etanólico de la especie Holothuria grisea frente al radical catiónico ABTS+● se determinó el valor de IC50 de 235,32 μg/mL. En cuanto al ensayo antioxidante por el método del radical DPPH● se determinó un IC50 de 1604,27 μg/mL. La evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana de las dos especies de holotúridos se realizó frente a los aislados clínicos Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) y Gram negativas (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) por el método de microdilución. El extracto etanólico de H. grisea presentó porcentajes significativos a 2000 mg/L reduciendo el crecimiento de estos microorganismos, destacándose la mayor sensibilidad en la especie S. maltophilia con un porcentaje de reducción de crecimiento del 100% a 1250 mg/L, seguido de E. coli y E. faecium con porcentajes de reducción de 99,34% y 91,85% respectivamente. Por su parte, el extracto etanólico de H. princeps, no presentó una considerable inhibición del crecimiento en estas cepas bacterianas. Para la evaluación de la actividad antifúngica frente a las cepas del género Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata y C. auris), a nivel general los mejores resultados de inhibición de crecimiento se mostraron a mayores concentraciones de los extractos etanólicos (desde 2500 mg/L). Se evidenció que los aislados clínicos C. tropicalis y C. glabrata, fueron las cepas fúngicas más susceptible al extracto etanólico de H. grisea, presentando una reducción de crecimiento del 100% a 2500 mg/L y para H. princeps la cepa fúngica más suceptible fue C. glabrata, la cual presentó una reducción de crecimiento de 95,7% a 5000 mg/L.spa
dc.description.abstractMarine biodiversity has led to an extraordinary variety of chemical compounds, many of them with exceptional biological properties. These secondary metabolites confer adaptive advantages to marine organisms, which have been used for their great potential in areas such as medicine, due to their anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. In this study, 23 compounds were structurally identified by gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass spectrometry. Of the 23 compounds isolated, 22 corresponded to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and one of a sterol nature. On the other hand, by evaluating the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the species Holothuria grisea against the cationic radical ABTS+●, the IC50 value of 235.32 μg/mL was determined. Regarding the antioxidant assay by the DPPH● radical method, an IC50 of 1604.27 μg/mL was determined. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the two species of sea cucumbers was carried out against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) clinical isolates by the microdilution method. The ethanolic extract of H. grisea presented significant percentages at 2000 mg/L, reducing the growth of these microorganisms, with the greatest sensitivity being highlighted in the S. maltophilia species with a growth reduction percentage of 100% at 1250 mg/L, followed by E. coli and E. faecium with reduction percentages of 99.34% and 91.85%, respectively. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of H. princeps did not present a considerable inhibition of growth in these bacterial strains. For the evaluation of antifungal activity against strains of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. auris), in general the best results of growth inhibition were shown Marine biodiversity has led to an extraordinary variety of chemical compounds, many of them with exceptional biological properties. These secondary metabolites confer adaptive advantages to marine organisms, which have been used for their great potential in areas such as medicine, due to their anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. In this study, 23 compounds were structurally identified by gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass spectrometry. Of the 23 compounds isolated, 22 corresponded to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and one of a sterol nature. On the other hand, by evaluating the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the species Holothuria grisea against the cationic radical ABTS+●, the IC50 value of 235.32 μg/mL was determined. Regarding the antioxidant assay by the DPPH● radical method, an IC50 of 1604.27 μg/mL was determined. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the two species of sea cucumbers was carried out against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) clinical isolates by the microdilution method. The ethanolic extract of H. grisea presented significant percentages at 2000 mg/L, reducing the growth of these microorganisms, with the greatest sensitivity being highlighted in the S. maltophilia species with a growth reduction percentage of 100% at 1250 mg/L, followed by E. coli and E. faecium with reduction percentages of 99.34% and 91.85%, respectively. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of H. princeps did not present a considerable inhibition of growth in these bacterial strains. For the evaluation of antifungal activity against strains of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. auris), in general the best results of growth inhibition were shown Marine biodiversity has led to an extraordinary variety of chemical compounds, many of them with exceptional biological properties. These secondary metabolites confer adaptive advantages to marine organisms, which have been used for their great potential in areas such as medicine, due to their anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. In this study, 23 compounds were structurally identified by gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass spectrometry. Of the 23 compounds isolated, 22 corresponded to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and one of a sterol nature. On the other hand, by evaluating the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the species Holothuria grisea against the cationic radical ABTS+●, the IC50 value of 235.32 μg/mL was determined. Regarding the antioxidant assay by the DPPH● radical method, an IC50 of 1604.27 μg/mL was determined. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the two species of sea cucumbers was carried out against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) clinical isolates by the microdilution method. The ethanolic extract of H. grisea presented significant percentages at 2000 mg/L, reducing the growth of these microorganisms, with the greatest sensitivity being highlighted in the S. maltophilia species with a growth reduction percentage of 100% at 1250 mg/L, followed by E. coli and E. faecium with reduction percentages of 99.34% and 91.85%, respectively. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of H. princeps did not present a considerable inhibition of growth in these bacterial strains. For the evaluation of antifungal activity against strains of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. auris), in general the best results of growth inhibition were shown at higher concentrations of the ethanolic extracts (from 2500 mg/L). It was evidenced that the clinical isolates C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were the most susceptible fungal strains to the ethanolic extract of H. grisea, presenting a 100% reduction in growth at 2500 mg/L, and for H. princeps the most susceptible fungal strain was C. glabrata, which presented a 95.7% reduction in growth at 5000 mg/L.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Químicas
dc.description.modalityTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensión
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCCIÓN ..............................................15spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. OBJETIVOS ...................................................19spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ...........................................19spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ................................19spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2. MARCO TEÓRICO ............................................20spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.1 MARCO REFERENCIAL ........................................21spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.2 PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA ...............24spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3 CLASE Holothuroidea ............................25spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3.1 Descripción general y taxonomía de la especie de Holothuria grisea. .........27spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3.2 Descripción general y taxonomía de la especie de Holothuria princeps. .........28spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4 ENFERMEDADES CAUSADAS POR MICROORGANISMOS Y EFECTOS DEL PROCESO DE OXIDACIÓN ..........30spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.1 Estrés oxidativo ...................................30spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.2 Enfermedades causadas por microorganismos ..............................31spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.3 Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS) de microorganismos patógenos .......................... 32spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ...............34spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.1 RECOLECCIÓN DEL MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO ..............34spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.2 PREPARACIÓN DEL MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO ................34spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.3 ESTUDIO QUÍMICO DE H. grisea MEDIANTE EL USO DE TÉCNICAS CROMATOGRÁFICAS COMO CROMATOGRAFÍA EN COLUMNA (CC), CROMATOGRAFÍA EN CAPA DELGADA (CCD) y CGAR-EM ......35spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.3.1 FRACCIONAMIENTO CROMATOGRÁFICO DE H. grisea ........................35spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.3.2 DERIVATIZACIÓN DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS ...........................................35spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.3.3 IDENTIFICACIÓN QUÍMICA DE LOS METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS MAYORITARIOS AISLADOS DE H. grisea, MEDIANTE CGAR-EM .............36spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4 EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE FRENTE A LOS RADICALES ABTS+•, DPPH• DEL EXTRACTO ETANÓLICO DE LA ESPECIE H. grisea ...............36spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4.1 Protocolo del ensayo ABTS+• ............................37spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4.2 Protocolo del ensayo DPPH• ..............................39spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.5 ACTIVIDAD ANTIBACTERIANA Y ANTIFÚNGICA DE LOS EXTRACTOS ETANÓLICOS DE LAS ESPECIES Holothuria princeps Y Holothuria grisea SOBRE LOS AISLADOS CLÍNICOS INTRAHOSPITALARIOS .....40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.5.1 Evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana ............40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.5.1.1 Pruebas de susceptibilidad antibacteriana ..................41spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.5.2 Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica ............................43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.5.2.1 Pruebas de susceptibilidad antifúngica ..............................43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.6 ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO ...............................44spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4. RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS .......................46spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1 IDENTIFICACIÓN QUÍMICA DE LOS METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS MAYORITARIOS AISLADOS DE H. grisea, MEDIANTE CGAR-EM. ................................................................46spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1.1 Compuestos aislados de H. grisea ................................46spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1.1.1 Compuesto HG4 de H. grisea ...........................48spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1.1.2 Compuesto HG11 de H. grisea .........................50
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1.1.3 Compuesto HG14 de H. grisea .............................52
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1.1.4 Compuesto HG19 de H. grisea .................................55
dc.description.tableofcontents4.2 EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE FRENTE A LOS RADICALES ABTS+• y DPPH• DEL EXTRACTO ETANÓLICO DE LA ESPECIE H. grisea. ..........64
dc.description.tableofcontents4.2.1 Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante frente al radical ABTS+• del extracto etanólico de la especie H. grisea. ...................................65
dc.description.tableofcontents4.2.2 Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante frente al radical DPPH• del extracto etanólico de la especie H. grisea. ...................................67
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3 EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA DE LOS EXTRACTOS ETANÓLICOS DE LAS ESPECIES Holothuria princeps y Holothuria grisea SOBRE LOS AISLADOS CLÍNICOS INTRAHOSPITALARIOS. .................................................................72
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3.1 Ensayo de la actividad antibacteriana de las especies Holothuria princeps y Holothuria grisea sobre los aislados clínicos intrahospitalarios .............................72
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3.2 Ensayo de la actividad antifúngica de las especies Holothuria grisea y Holothuria princeps sobre los aislados clínicos intrahospitalarios ...................79
dc.description.tableofcontents5. CONCLUSIONES ............................................87
dc.description.tableofcontents6. BIBLIOGRAFIA ......................................89
dc.description.tableofcontents7. ANEXOS ......................................................... 102
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9007
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Córdoba
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Básicas
dc.publisher.placeMontería, Córdoba, Colombia
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ciencias Químicas
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dc.rightsCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.keywordsSea cucumberseng
dc.subject.keywordsFatty acidseng
dc.subject.keywordsBiological activityeng
dc.subject.keywordsAntioxidant activityeng
dc.subject.keywordsCórdobaeng
dc.subject.proposalHoloturoideosspa
dc.subject.proposalÁcidos grasosspa
dc.subject.proposalActividad biológicaspa
dc.subject.proposalActividad antioxidantespa
dc.subject.proposalCórdobaspa
dc.titleAnálisis químico y evaluación de la actividad biológica de extractos orgánicos de holothuria spp. frente a patógenos intrahospitalarios en Montería, Colombiaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
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