Publicación: Evaluación de bacterias simbióticas nativas con potencial biofertilizante en pasto climacuna (Dichanthium annulatum-Forssk-Stapf) bajo condiciones semicontroladas en Montería -Colombia
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The application of symbiotic plant growth promoting bacteria is considered a biotechnological practice that contributes to optimize agricultural production systems and is presented as an option to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers. In this study, native symbiotic bacteria with biofertilizer potential, isolated from rhizosphere stubble and pasture soils in the municipality of Tierralta Alto SinúDepartment of Córdoba, were characterized and evaluated. Soil samples were collected with roots in the first 15 cm of depth, in a zig-zag path, the samples were mixed and homogenized, approximately 1 kg of sample was taken from each zone, isolations were made in Burk's medium of microorganisms with morphological characteristics that coincided for symbiotic diazotrophs. The N-fixing capacity of the isolates of interest was measured using the Berthelot colorimetric technique (Lara et al., 2007), for the evaluation of phosphate solubilization the vanadomolybdophosphoric method was used (Sancho et al., 2004) and for the production of indole acetic acid (IAA) the colorimetric method was used using the Salkowski reagent (Sarmiento, 2006). The results of these biochemical tests showed that isolate R7 showed positive activity for plant growth promotion, with concentrations of 2,876 mg/L for ammonium ion, 1472,849 mg/L for phosphate solubilization and 5,919 mg/L for auxin production. According to molecular identification, strain R7 belongs to the genus Rhizobium. This morphotype was multiplied and the effect of the bioinoculant based on this native strain of the genus Rhizobium sp, on the biometric variables in Climacuna grass (Dichanthium annulatum-Forssk-Stapf) was evaluated by means of a trial under semi-controlled conditions in the municipality of Monteria, using a CRD with 2x3x2 factorial array with 3 replications that included soil type (natural-sterilized), chemical fertilization (0%-50%-100%) and inoculation (with and without) at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml in Burk's liquid culture medium. Biometric variables were measured 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence. In plants inoculated with the strain, a significant increase was observed for the following parameters: leaf area, plant length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf nitrogen content. In addition, similar results, without statistically significant differences, were observed between bacterial inoculation plus 50% fertilizer and 100% fertilization. These findings indicate that inoculation with the Rhizobium strain could reduce nitrogen fertilization doses of the pasture crop by up to 50% and thus alleviate environmental deterioration related to N contamination.