Publicación:
Evaluación del ciclo de vida de la producción de biocompuestos con matriz de ácido poliláctico y refuerzos de residuos agrícolas: un estudio comparativo entre la cáscara de marañón y el pseudotallo de plátano

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dc.contributor.advisorSoto Barrera, Viviana Cecilia
dc.contributor.authorFernández Hoyos, Daniel Fernando
dc.contributor.juryCampo Daza, Gabriel Antonio
dc.contributor.juryTavera Quiróz, María José
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-14T14:26:28Z
dc.date.available2025-07-14T14:26:28Z
dc.date.issued2025-07-14
dc.description.abstractEsta investigación evaluó y comparó el desempeño ambiental de la fabricación de biocompuestos de matriz PLA reforzados con residuos agrícolas locales: fibra de pseudotallo de plátano (FP) y partículas de cáscara de nuez de marañón (PCNM), utilizando impresión 3D (FDM e impregnación in situ). El objetivo fue determinar la opción con menor impacto ambiental mediante la metodología de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) según la norma ISO 14040/44, con un enfoque "cuna-a-producción" y una unidad funcional de 1 kg de biocompuesto. El proceso de inventario de ciclo de vida (ICV) incluyó la recopilación de datos primarios (entrevistas, procesos de laboratorio como secado, molienda, extrusión e impresión) y secundarios (literatura, bases de datos Ecoinvent 3.10), utilizando el software SimaPro y el método de evaluación Environmental Footprint 3.1. Los resultados indican que el biocompuesto PLA-FP presenta un desempeño ambiental más favorable que el PLA-PCNM, destacando que presenta una huella de carbono reducida de 5,13 kg CO2 eq/kg, atribuida principalmente a parámetros de impresión más eficientes energéticamente para el PLA-FP. Los puntos críticos identificados fueron el alto consumo de energía eléctrica en la etapa de impresión 3D (60-76.4% del impacto total) y la producción de PLA virgen (22.6-30.4%). Se demostró un beneficio ambiental adicional al usar FP cuando se evita la disposición convencional del residuo, mientras que el uso de PCNM no mostró una ventaja clara frente a su disposición actual en vertedero.spa
dc.description.abstractThis research evaluated and compared the environmental performance of manufacturing PLA-matrix biocomposites reinforced with local agricultural residues: banana pseudostem fiber (FP) and cashew nutshell particles (PCNM), using 3D printing (FDM and in-situ impregnation). The objective was to determine the option with the lowest environmental impact using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology according to ISO 14040/44, with a "cradle-to-gate" approach and a functional unit of 1 kg of biocomposite. The life cycle inventory (LCI) process included the collection of primary data (interviews, laboratory processes such as drying, milling, extrusion, and printing) and secondary data (literature, Ecoinvent 3.10 database), using SimaPro software and the Environmental Footprint 3.1 assessment method. The results indicate that the PLA-FP biocomposite exhibits a more favorable environmental performance than PLA-PCNM, highlighting a carbon footprint 5.13 kg CO2 eq/kg lower, primarily attributed to more energy-efficient printing parameters for PLA-FP. The identified hotspots were the high electricity consumption during the 3D printing stage (accounting for 60-76.4% of the total impact) and virgin PLA production (22.6- 30.4%). An additional environmental benefit was demonstrated when using FP by avoiding conventional waste disposal, whereas the use of PCNM did not show a clear advantage over its current disposal in landfills.eng
dc.description.degreelevelPregrado
dc.description.degreenameIngeniero(a) Ambiental
dc.description.modalityTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensión
dc.description.tableofcontents1 INTRODUCCIÓN 3spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2 OBJETIVOS 5spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.1 Objetivo general 5spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.2 Objetivos específicos 5spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3 REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA 6spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.1 Material compuesto 6spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.2 Ácido poliláctico 7spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.3 Cascaras de nuez de marañón 7spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4 Fibras de pseudotallo de plátano 8spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.5 Fabricación aditiva 9spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.6 Análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) 9spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.7 Metodologías de evaluación de impacto de ciclo de vida (EICV) 12spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.8 ACV biocompuestos 13spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.9 Sostenibilidad y economía circular en la producción de materiales 14spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4 ESTADO DEL ARTE 16spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 20spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.1 Descripción de la zona de estudio 21spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.2 Metodología para fase de definición de objetivos y alcance 22spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.2.1 Unidad funcional 22spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.2.2 Límites del sistema 23spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.2.3 Escenarios de comparación 27spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3 Metodología para fase Análisis de inventario de ciclo de vida 28spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3.1 Parámetro de modelado de datos 29spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3.2 Etapa de cultivo, cosecha y procesamiento de marañón 29spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3.3 Etapa de producción de partículas de cascara de nuez de marañón 32spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3.4 Etapa de producción de biocompuesto (PLA-PCNM) 33spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3.5 Etapa de cultivo y cosecha del plátano 36spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3.6 Etapa de extracción de las fibras de pseudotallo de plátano 36spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.3.7 Etapa de producción del biocompuesto (PLA-FP) 37spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.4 Metodología para la fase de Evaluación de impacto del ciclo de vida 39spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.5 Metodología para la fase de Interpretación 40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.5.1 Análisis de calidad de los datos 41spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES 42spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6.1 Inventario del ciclo de vida 43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6.2 Análisis de calidad de datos 46spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6.3 Resultados de la evaluación del ciclo de vida 49spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6.3.1 Análisis de contribución 49spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6.4 Análisis comparativo de la evaluación de impactos 53spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6.5 Puntos críticos ambientales 79spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6.6 Influencia de los refuerzos de residuos agrícolas en los biocompuestos 81spa
dc.description.tableofcontents7 CONCLUSIONES 83spa
dc.description.tableofcontents8 RECOMENDACIONES 85spa
dc.description.tableofcontents9 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 87spa
dc.description.tableofcontents10 ANEXOS 105spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9314
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Córdoba
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeMontería, Córdoba, Colombia
dc.publisher.programIngeniería Ambiental
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dc.rightsCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.keywordsLife Cycle Assessment (LCA)eng
dc.subject.keywordsBiocompositeseng
dc.subject.keywords3D Printingeng
dc.subject.keywordsAgricultural Wasteeng
dc.subject.keywordsPLAeng
dc.subject.proposalAnálisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV)spa
dc.subject.proposalBiocompuestosspa
dc.subject.proposalImpresión 3Dspa
dc.subject.proposalResiduos Agrícolasspa
dc.subject.proposalPLAspa
dc.titleEvaluación del ciclo de vida de la producción de biocompuestos con matriz de ácido poliláctico y refuerzos de residuos agrícolas: un estudio comparativo entre la cáscara de marañón y el pseudotallo de plátanospa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
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