Publicación: Características de crecimiento y canal en ovinos f1 obtenidos del cruce de hembras opc con machos de razas foráneas en el departamento de Córdoba
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Resumen en español
Los ovinos llegaron a América durante la época de la conquista, siendo estos individuos la base genética que dio origen a la variedad de ovejas criollas modernas. En la actualidad el rebaño ovino en Colombia está constituido por 1.792.245 animales. Ubicándose el 90,8% de la población en 10 departamentos, tomando Córdoba el quinto lugar con mayor cantidad de animales (3%), estando por debajo del Magdalena con un 9% y por encima del Santander con un 3%; sin pasar por alto que la Guajira concentra el 45% de los animales, lo cual le atribuye el primer lugar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue Evaluar características de crecimiento y de la canal en ovinos OPC y F1 obtenidos del cruce de hembras OPC con machos de razas foráneas, en sistemas productivos de pequeños y medianos productores en el departamento de Córdoba. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, en el cual los individuos provenían de núcleos de pequeños productores ubicados en tres subregiones del departamento de Córdoba (Alto Sinú, centro y bajo Sinú). Las variables analizadas fueron el peso al nacimiento (PN), peso al destete ajustado a los 90 días (PDA90), peso al sacrificio ajustado a los 6 meses (PS6M), ganancia de peso predestete (GPPRE) y ganancia de peso posdestete (GPPOS), el peso al sacrificio (PS), rendimiento canal caliente (RCC), rendimiento canal Fría (RCF), Índice de compacidad de la canal (ICC), longitud externa de la canal (LEC), longitud interna de la canal (LIC), área del ojo del lomo (AOL), perímetro de la grupa (PG), Perímetro de la pierna (PP), longitud externa de la pierna (LEP), longitud interna de la pierna (LIP), espesor de grasa dorsal (EGD) y profundidad del tórax (PTo). A las cuales se les realizó Prueba de normalidad de Shapiro Wilks, análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y prueba de Tukey en base a los efectos considerados (grupo racial, sexo y subregión). Se evidenció que el grupo racial fue el único que presentó diferencia estadística (p0,05), siendo el cruce de Santa Inés x OPC el que obtuvo mejores rendimientos para las características evaluadas bajo un sistema de produccion extensivo con baja tecnificación, atribuyéndose al vigor hibrido y la adaptabilidad de ambas razas a las condiciones medio ambientales. En conclusión, el cruzamiento es una herramienta que puede mejorar de manera temporal caracteristicas productivas, sin embargo, se deben tener en cuenta las fortalezas y debilidades de las razas a cruzar.
Resumen en inglés
heep arrived in America during the time of the conquest, and these individuals were the genetic basis that gave rise to the modern variety of Creole sheep. Currently, the sheep flock in Colombia is made up of 1,792,245 animals. 90.8% of the population is located in 10 departments, with Córdoba taking fifth place with the largest number of animals (3%), being below Magdalena with 9% and above Santander with 3%; without overlooking the fact that La Guajira concentrates 45% of the animals, which gives it first place. The objective of this work was to evaluate growth and carcass characteristics in OPC and F1 sheep obtained from the crossing of OPC females with males of foreign breeds, in productive systems of small and medium producers in the department of Córdoba. A descriptive study was carried out, in which the individuals came from small producers' nuclei located in three subregions of the department of Córdoba (Alto Sinú, center and lower Sinú). The variables analyzed were birth weight (BW), adjusted weaning weight at 90 days (PDA90), adjusted slaughter weight at 6 months (PS6M), pre-weaning weight gain (GPPRE) and post-weaning weight gain (GPPOS), slaughter weight (PS), hot carcass yield (RCC), cold carcass yield (RCF), carcass compactness index (ICC), external carcass length (LEC), internal carcass length (LIC), loin eye area (AOL), rump perimeter (PG), leg perimeter (PP), external leg length (LEP), internal leg length (LIP), backfat thickness (EGD) and thorax depth (PTo). The Shapiro Wilks normality test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were performed on them based on the effects considered (racial group, sex and subregion). It was evident that the racial group was the only one that presented a statistical difference (p0.05), being the Santa Inés x OPC cross the one that obtained the best yields for the evaluated characteristics under an extensive production system with low technicality, attributed to the hybrid vigor and the adaptability of both breeds to environmental conditions. In conclusion, crossbreeding is a tool that can temporarily improve productive characteristics, however, the strengths and weaknesses of the breeds to be crossed must be taken into account.heep arrived in America during the time of the conquest, and these individuals were the genetic basis that gave rise to the modern variety of Creole sheep. Currently, the sheep flock in Colombia is made up of 1,792,245 animals. 90.8% of the population is located in 10 departments, with Córdoba taking fifth place with the largest number of animals (3%), being below Magdalena with 9% and above Santander with 3%; without overlooking the fact that La Guajira concentrates 45% of the animals, which gives it first place. The objective of this work was to evaluate growth and carcass characteristics in OPC and F1 sheep obtained from the crossing of OPC females with males of foreign breeds, in productive systems of small and medium producers in the department of Córdoba. A descriptive study was carried out, in which the individuals came from small producers' nuclei located in three subregions of the department of Córdoba (Alto Sinú, center and lower Sinú). The variables analyzed were birth weight (BW), adjusted weaning weight at 90 days (PDA90), adjusted slaughter weight at 6 months (PS6M), pre-weaning weight gain (GPPRE) and post-weaning weight gain (GPPOS), slaughter weight (PS), hot carcass yield (RCC), cold carcass yield (RCF), carcass compactness index (ICC), external carcass length (LEC), internal carcass length (LIC), loin eye area (AOL), rump perimeter (PG), leg perimeter (PP), external leg length (LEP), internal leg length (LIP), backfat thickness (EGD) and thorax depth (PTo). The Shapiro Wilks normality test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were performed on them based on the effects considered (racial group, sex and subregion). It was evident that the racial group was the only one that presented a statistical difference (p0.05), being the Santa Inés x OPC cross the one that obtained the best yields for the evaluated characteristics under an extensive production system with low technicality, attributed to the hybrid vigor and the adaptability of both breeds to environmental conditions. In conclusion, crossbreeding is a tool that can temporarily improve productive characteristics, however, the strengths and weaknesses of the breeds to be crossed must be taken into account.