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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of vermicompost on the quality of sunflower silage (H. annuus L.), in three hybrids Verónica, Shaquira and Esbella grown in the medium Sinú-Córdoba. A randomized complete block design of divided plots, with four treatments was used: T1 control, T2 chemical fertilization (Urea-NUTRIMON®), T3 vermicompost fertilization and T4 combined fertilization and three replications. The climatological parameters of the area of influence were monitored during the sunflower crop cycle, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, solar radiation in the area of the middle Sinú, at the La Victoria de Fedearroz Mocarí weather station in Montería. Yield parameters in wet weight, dry weight percentage and moisture percentage of morphological structures of 12 plants in R6 phase, randomly selected by treatment of the central rows, were determined 13 weeks after sowing. To determine the nutritional value of sunflower silage (crude ash, moisture content, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber (%)), through proximal analysis, a total of 36 samples (three repetitions) distributed in PVC tubes of 6¨, hermetically sealed, differentiated with the respective treatment and stored at room temperature for a period of 15 months. The treatments with the highest percentage of dry weight and percentage of moisture were treatments T3 and T1 with values of 26.72 and 78.44% respectively, in terms of silage quality, treatment T3 showed the highest averages in the variables crude protein, ethereal extract, crude fiber and in vitro digestibility, with values of 17.89; 13.25; 62.43 and 67.51% respectively. Therefore, we can affirm that the results obtained demonstrated the beneficial effect that the application of vermicompost confers on the species H. annuus L. at the Elevel of protection and yield under the agroecological conditions of the medium SinúCórdoba.

En Colombia, el cultivo de peces ha crecido exponencialmente en las últimas décadas, sobrepasando otros sistemas de producción animal; en contraste, las capturas de peces provenientes de la pesca industrial principalmente artesanal, han disminuido considerablemente, debido a factores ambientales y antropogénicos, como la contaminación industrial, la sobrepesca, el desconocimiento del potencial de las especies, entre otros. Lo anterior, exige desarrollar acciones tendientes a la protección, conservación y uso sostenible del recurso íctico nativo, tales como, la producción de alevinos en cautiverio para repoblamiento, para ello, es necesario conocer la bioecología y la biología del desarrollo (morfogénesis, crecimiento y diferenciación celular) de los organismos. Objetivo: Evaluar el desarrollo ontogénico y morfofuncional de alevinos de Prochilodus magdalenae y Curimata mivartii con fines de repoblamiento y seguridad alimentaria. Metodología: A parentales traídos del medio natural, se determinó el estado de madurez y se realizó inducción hormonal para la reproducción e incubación artificial para los embriones. Una vez obtenidas las muestras de huevos, larvas y alevinos se emplearon las técnicas de tinciones histológicas, microscopia óptica y electrónica de barrido, para detallar las etapas de desarrollo (escisión, blástula, gástrula, segmentación y organogénesis) y ontogenia temprana. Resultados: En promedio, la eclosión se presentó a las 12,67 y 11,17 hpf, la apertura bucal a las 1,6 y 2,5 dpe, la reabsorción total del saco vitelino e inicio de la alimentación exógena a los 2,5 y 5-6 dpe, desarrollo de ojo y otros órganos sensoriales a los 6-7 dpe y, desarrollo completo del tracto digestivo a los 15 dpe para Prochilodus magdalenae y Curimata mivartii, respectivamente; también a los 15 dpe está muy desarrollado el sistema muscular y esquelético para ambas especies. Conclusión: los resultados del presente estudio permiten concluir que, bajo las condiciones experimentales, después del día 15, los alevinos de las dos especies están listas para liberar al medio natural, o para llevarlas a estanques para engorde.

This project focused on determining the pectinolytic capacity of enzymes from the genus Aspergillus (P. Micheli, 1729), using pineapple albedo, passion fruit albedo, a mixture of pineapple and passion fruit albedo, and commercial pectin as the only carbon source. Isolates were obtained from pineapple crops in the district of Sarandelo in the municipality of Lorica - Córdoba and passion fruit crops in the municipality of Purísima. Six isolates were preselected, of which three (M6P21, MM3 and M16P21) presented a greater growth halo in solid medium of 2% pectin. In the enzymatic production of the fungal extracts, four treatments were used: pineapple albedo, passion fruit albedo, mixture of pineapple and passion fruit albedo and commercial pectin; where the isolates Aspergillus M6P21, Aspergillus MM3 and Aspergillus M16P21 presented good results of the enzymatic activity analyzed by monitoring for 3 days and whose results were expressed in reducing sugar concentration. The isolate M6P21 presented excellent results in terms of the production of pectinolytic enzymes: in pineapple albedo 0.2816 g/L, in passion fruit albedo 0.2740 g/L, in the mixture of pineapple and passion fruit albedo 0.3923 g /L and commercial pectin 0.3046 g/L. In the Aspergillus MM3 isolate: in pineapple albedo 0.2856 g/L, in passion fruit albedo 0.2694 g/L, in the mixture of pineapple and passion fruit albedo 0.2549 g/L and commercial pectin 0.3090 g/L The isolate M16P21: in pineapple albedo 0.2433 g/L, in passion fruit albedo 0.2508 g/L, in the mixture of pineapple and passion fruit albedo 0.2625 g/L and commercial pectin 0.3175 g/L . According to the above, the enzymatic production for the isolates is reflected in the statistical anova: M6P21 with a P-value (0.9383), MM3 with a Pvalue (0.6038) and M16P21 with a P-value (0 .6723). An analysis of the incidence of pH variation in the enzymatic production of the three isolates was carried out, using pH values of 4.0, 5.6 and 6.5, during 3 days of continuous monitoring. The optimal pH for fungal enzymatic production was determined, with pH 6.5 and pH 4.0 being the values with the highest enzymatic activity. An enzymatic assay was carried out to observe the clarification in 4 fruit juices, pineapple, passion fruit, star fruit and sour guava; where positive results were achieved in the clarification of these juices. In conclusion, the enzymes obtained from the isolates M6P21, X MM3 and M16P21 have pectinolytic capacity, which during a fermentation process are capable of degrading pectin from natural sources.