Publicación:
Estudio quimiotaxonómico y evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de extractos etanólicos foliares de cuatro especies del género Ficus l. (moraceae), Planeta Rica (Córdoba- Colombia).

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dc.contributor.advisorArias Ríos, Jorge Enrique
dc.contributor.advisorMontaño Castañeda, Mary Cecilia
dc.contributor.authorFurnieles Núñez, Héctor Javier
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-13T20:54:20Zspa
dc.date.available2020-11-13T20:54:20Zspa
dc.date.issued2020-11-13spa
dc.description.abstractIn the taxonomy of angiosperm plants, floral characters have generally been preferred over vegetative characters, as evidenced in many of the classification, systems; however, these can vary significantly, making it difficult in some cases to identify plant species. Chemotaxonomy or chemosystematics, evaluates the presence of chemical compounds in plant species; the chemical aspect of the classification of plants is based on their constituents, that is, on their molecular characteristics; These, like morphological characteristics, are genetically controlled, but have the advantage over morphological ones, of being able to be described exactly in terms of defined structures and configurational chemical formulas. In this study, it was proposed to determine the presence of phenolic compounds (Flavonoids) in the foliar ethanolic extracts of the Ficus benjamina L; Ficus insipid Willd; Ficus elastica Roxb ex Hornem and Ficus bullenei I.M. Johnst species, in order to apply the comparative method of chemical structures and the existing taxonomic relationship between the investigated species, from the chemotaxonomic point of view. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of the foliar ethanolic extracts of the species F. benjamina, F. insipida, F. elastica and F. bullenei was evaluated, using the methods DPPH• (2,2- Diphenyl-1picrilhidrazil), ABTS+• (Acid 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulphonic)) and FRAP (Iron Reduction Antioxidant Potential). For this, a range of working concentrations between 1 and 6 mg / L was established for all extracts. The IC50 values determined by the DPPH• method were 5.4 mg/L, 4.8 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L and 3.9 mg/L, respectively. For the ABTS+• method, the IC50 values calculated were 2.9 mg/L, 2.8mg/L, 3.7mg/L and 3.0 mg/L, for each species respectively. For these two methods 6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Tolox) was used as a reference. The FRAP method was used with a concentration range between 1 and 5 mg/L. All the foliar ethanolic extracts evaluated presented iron reduction potential, the most active being the extract of the Ficus elastica species and the one with the lowest potential against the TPTZ complex, was the foliar EtOH extract of the F. bullenei species, compared to the substance of reference (Gallic acid).eng
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.description.degreenameBiólogo(a)spa
dc.description.modalityTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensión
dc.description.resumenEn la taxonomía de las plantas angiospermas, los caracteres florales generalmente han sido preferidos sobre los caracteres vegetativos, como se evidencia en muchos de los sistemas de clasificación, sin embargo, estos pueden variar significativamente, dificultando en algunos casos la identificación de especies vegetales. La quimiotaxonomía o quimiosistemática, evalúa la presencia de compuestos químicos en especies vegetales; el aspecto químico de la clasificación de las plantas, se basa en sus constituyentes, es decir, en sus características moleculares; estas, al igual que las características morfológicas, son controladas genéticamente, pero tienen la ventaja sobre las morfológicas, de poder ser descritas exactamente en términos de estructuras definidas y fórmulas químicas configuracionales. En este estudio se propuso determinar la presencia de compuestos fenólicos (Flavonoides) en los extractos etanólicos foliares de las especies Ficus benjamina L; Ficus insípida Willd; Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem y Ficus bullenei I.M. Johnst, con el fin de aplicar el método comparativo de estructuras químicas y la relación taxonómica existente entre las especies investigadas, desde el punto de vista quimiotaxonómico. Por otra parte, se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de los extractos etanólicos foliares de las especies F. benjamina, F. insipida, F. elastica y F. bullenei, empleando los métodos DPPH• (2,2- Difenil-1-picrilhidrazil), ABTS+• (Ácido 2,2'-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolin-6 sulfónico)) y FRAP (Potencial Antioxidante de Reducción Férrica). Para ello se estableció un rango de concentraciones de trabajo entre 1 y 6 mg/L, para todos los extractos. Los valores de IC50 determinados por el método DPPH• fueron de 5.4 mg/L, 4.8 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L y 3.9 mg/L, respectivamente. Para el método ABTS+•, los valores IC50 calculados fueron de 2.9 mg/L, 2.8mg/L, 3.7mg/L y 3.0 mg/L, para cada especie respectivamente. Para estos dos métodos se usó ácido 6-hidroxi-2, 5, 7, 8- tetrametilcromano-2-carboxilico (Trolox) como referencia. El método FRAP se trabajó con un rango de concentraciones entre 1 y 5 mg/L. Todos los extractos etanólicos foliares evaluados presentaron potencial de reducción férrica, siendo el más activo el extracto de la especie Ficus elastica y el de menor potencial frente al complejo TPTZ, fue el extracto EtOH foliar de la especies F. bullenei, comparado con la sustancia de referencia (Ácido gálico).spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. CAPITULO 1. EVALUACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE FLAVONOIDES COMO CRITERIO QUIMIOTAXONÓMICO DE LOS EXTRACTOS ETANÓLICOS FOLIARES DE CUATRO ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO Ficus L. (MORACEAE)...............................................3spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.1. Introducción........................................................................................... 4spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.2. Objetivos........................................................................................... 5spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.2.1. General.................................................................. 5spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.2.2. Específicos............................................................. 5spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.3. Estado de arte........................................................................ 6spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.3.1. Marco referencial.............................................................................. 6spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.3.2. Marco teórico........................................................................ 7spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.3.2.1. Género Ficus L....................................................................... 8spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Distribución y Filogenia................................................................. 8spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Biología reproductiva...................................................................... 10spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Divergencia y Diversificación............................................................................. 11spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.3.2.2. Fitoquímica del género............................................................... 12spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Flavonoides............................................................................ 12spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Terpenos y/o esteroles.................................................................... 14spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Alcaloides.......................................................................... 15spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.3.2.3. Quimiotaxonomía en plantas............................................................................ 15spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Origen biosintético de los Flavonoides.................................................... 17spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.3.2.4. Técnicas de separación y análisis cromatográfico................................................ 18spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Cromatografía de capa fina o capa delgada (CCF o CCD, por sus siglas en inglés) y Cromatografía en columna (CC)....... 19spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Cromatografía de Gases (CG o GC, por sus siglas en inglés).......................................... 20spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia (CLAE o HPLC, por sus siglas en inglés).................................. 21spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4. Materiales y métodos.......................................... 23spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.1. Fase de campo....................................... 23spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.1.1. Área de estudio................................. 23spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.1.2. Recolección del material biológico................................. 24spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.2. Fase de laboratorio................................ 25spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.2.1. Preparación de los extractos etanólicos foliares...................... 25spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.2.2. Tamizaje fitoquímico preliminar.................................... 25spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Pruebas para alcaloides............................. 26spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Pruebas para terpenos y/o esteroles............................ 26spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Pruebas para Flavonoides........................ 27spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Reacción de la Cianidrina (HCl + Mg)........................... 27spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Reacción con HCl concentrado.................... 27spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.2.3. Fraccionamiento de extractos etanólicos foliares por partición................ 27spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.4.2.4. Fraccionamiento Cromatográfico (Cromatografía en columna)........................ 28spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.5. Resultados y discusión..................................... 29spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.5.1. Obtención de los extractos etanólicos foliares....................... 29spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.5.2. Tamizaje fitoquímico............................... 29spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.5.3. Obtención de subextractos acetato de etilo por partición.......................... 33spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.6. Conclusiones parciales................................. 38spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1.7. Recomendaciones................................. 38spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2. CAPITULO 2. EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE LOS EXTRACTOS ETANÓLICOS FOLIARES DE CUATRO ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO Ficus L. (MORACEAE) RECOLECTADAS EN PLANETA RICA, (CÓRDOBA-COLOMBIA)........... 39spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.1. Introducción............................. 40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.2. Objetivos........................... 42spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.2.1. General................................. 42spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.2.2. Específicos................................... 42spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3. Estado de arte...................................... 43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3.1. Marco referencial............................... 43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3.2. Marco teórico........................................ 45spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3.2.1 Estrés oxidativo..................................... 45spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3.2.2. Actividad antioxidante..................................... 46spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3.2.3. Sistema de defensa antioxidante.............................. 49spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Sistema de defensa enzimático......................... 50spa
dc.description.tableofcontents Sistema de defensa no enzimático...................... 51spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4. Materiales y métodos.................................. 52spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.1. Ensayos de actividad antioxidante................................. 52spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.2. Preparación y activación de los radicales DPPH• y ABTS+•.......................... 52spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.3. Determinación de la actividad antioxidante, métodos DPPH•, ABTS+• y FRAP............. 53spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.4. Análisis estadístico................................. 55spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.5. Resultados y discusión........................ 55spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.5.1. Actividad antioxidante........................... 55spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.5.2. Análisis estadísticos................................ 60spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.6. Conclusión.................................. 62spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.7. Recomendaciones............................ 62spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.8. BIBLIOGRAFÍA........................................ 63spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.9. ANEXOS.............................................. 78spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/3611spa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Básicasspa
dc.publisher.placeMontería, Córdoba, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBiologíaspa
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dc.rightsCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2020spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.keywordsChemotaxonomyeng
dc.subject.keywordsFlavonoidseng
dc.subject.keywordsGenus Ficuseng
dc.subject.keywordsAntioxidant Activityeng
dc.subject.proposalQuimiotaxonomíaspa
dc.subject.proposalFlavonoidesspa
dc.subject.proposalGénero Ficusspa
dc.subject.proposalActividad antioxidantespa
dc.titleEstudio quimiotaxonómico y evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de extractos etanólicos foliares de cuatro especies del género Ficus l. (moraceae), Planeta Rica (Córdoba- Colombia).spa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionspa
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
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