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Taxonomía morfológica e implementación de microestructuras para la delimitación de Anfiuridos (Amphilepidida: Amphiuridae) de la Bahía de Cispatá, Colombia

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dc.contributor.advisorNisperuza Pérez, Carlos Andrés
dc.contributor.advisorQuirós-Rodríguez, Jorge A.
dc.contributor.advisorPineda, Tania
dc.contributor.authorSierra Gómez, Jayfreth David
dc.contributor.juryRodríguez Calonge, Escilda Rosa
dc.contributor.juryGranja Fernández, Rebeca
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-17T17:36:13Z
dc.date.available2025-07-17T17:36:13Z
dc.date.issued2025-07-17
dc.description.abstractLa taxonomía, basada tradicionalmente en la morfología, enfrenta desafíos para la identificación precisa de las especies, debido a la complejidad morfológica, variabilidad intraespecífica, plasticidad fenotípica, entre otros, generando una crisis en la disciplina. En la clase Ophiuroidea, la integración de morfología y tecnologías avanzadas son cruciales para la identificación de especies, pero se ve limitada por claves incompletas y falta de financiación, agravado por la presencia de especies crípticas y cambios ontogénicos. La familia Amphiuridae enfrenta retos por su alta variabilidad morfológica y la escasez de revisiones exhaustivas, además, los caracteres diagnósticos entre géneros se solapan, complicando su identificación. En Colombia, el estudio taxonómico de Amphiuridae ha sido limitado, dificultando su conocimiento. Por ello, este trabajo aporta información morfológica, microestructural, ontogénica y morfométrica para la delimitación de especies de anfiuridos de la bahía de Cispatá, Caribe colombiano. Los organismos provienen de distintas salidas de campo del programa de Biología de la Universidad de Córdoba realizados entre el 2023 y 2024. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados con ayuda de nucleadores a una profundidad entre los 0,5 y 1 metro de profundidad y separados con tamices, seguidamente se procedió a la narcotización de los organismos y fueron transportados al Laboratorio de Zoología de la Universidad de Córdoba. Con ayuda de un estereoscopio con cámara digital incorporada y literatura especializada se analizaron los organismos, además se cortó una pequeña sección del brazo para observar sus microestructuras mediante SEM y poder corroborar su identificación. Por otro lado, en el programa Pixel Pro se realizaron observaciones y mediciones de las estructuras morfológicas externas de las especies con una abundancia igual o mayor a diez individuos para su posterior análisis ontogénico y morfométrico. Se analizaron 253 organismos, identificándose ocho especies y dos morfotipo correspondientes a cinco géneros. Se construyó un catálogo con las especies de anfiuridos encontradas en este estudio con datos morfológicos, microestructurales y ecológicos, además se desarrolló una clave taxonómica interactiva para las especies de la familia Amphiuridae presentes en esta zona del Caribe colombiano utilizando datos morfológicos externos y microestructuras, optimizando el proceso de identificación dentro de esta familia. Para el estudio ontogénico se constató la presencia de paedomorfismo en Amphipholis squamata y en relación con sus placas primarias. El estudio reveló una variabilidad morfológica significativa durante el desarrollo de seis especies y un morfotipo de anfiuridos, especialmente en las estructuras del disco dorsal, placas de los brazos y estructuras de la mandíbula. El análisis morfométrico con cinco variables clave: (rsi_l) longitud del escudo radial izquierdo, (eo_w) ancho del escudo oral, (eo_l) longitud del escudo oral, (rsi_a) ancho del escudo radial izquierdo, (rsd_w) ancho del escudo radial derecho, logró diferenciar a Ophionephthys limicola y Amphiodia riisei, mientras que Amphipholis squamata, Amphipholis januarii y Amphiodia pulchella mostraron un solapamiento debido a la similitud en sus medidas. Los resultados de este trabajo contribuyen al conocimiento y diversidad de esta familia en esta área geográfica del Caribe colombiano y sienta las bases para estudios sistemáticos y ecológicos.spa
dc.description.abstractTaxonomy, traditionally based on morphology, faces challenges in accurately identifying species due to morphological complexity, intraspecific variability, phenotypic plasticity, among others, generating a crisis in the discipline. In the class Ophiuroidea, the integration of morphology and advanced technologies is crucial for species identification, but it is limited by incomplete keys and lack of funding, aggravated by the presence of cryptic species and ontogenetic changes. The family Amphiuridae faces challenges due to its high morphological variability and the scarcity of comprehensive reviews. Furthermore, diagnostic characters between genera overlap, complicating their identification. In Colombia, taxonomic study of Amphiuridae has been limited, hindering their understanding. Therefore, this work provides morphological, microstructural, ontogenetic, and morphometric information for the delimitation of amphiurid species from Cispatá Bay, Colombian Caribbean. The organisms came from various field trips conducted by the University of Córdoba's Biology program between 2023 and 2024. The specimens were collected using nucleators at a depth between 0.5 and 1 meter and separated with sieves. The organisms were then narcotized and transported to the University of Córdoba Zoology Laboratory. The organisms were analyzed using a stereoscope with a built-in digital camera and specialized literature. A small section of the arm was also cut to observe its microstructures using SEM and corroborate its identification. Furthermore, observations and measurements of the external morphological structures of species with an abundance equal to or greater than ten individuals were made using the Pixel Pro program for subsequent ontogenic and morphometric analysis. A total of 253 organisms were analyzed, and eight species and two morphotypes corresponding to five genera were identified. A catalog of the amphiurid species found in this study was constructed using morphological, microstructural, and ecological data. An interactive taxonomic key was also developed for the species of the family Amphiuridae present in this area of the Colombian Caribbean using external morphological data and microstructures, optimizing the identification process within this family. For the ontogenetic study, the presence of paedomorphism was confirmed in Amphipholis squamata and in relation to its primary plates. The study revealed significant morphological variability during the development of six species and one morphotype of amphiurids, especially in the structures of the dorsal disc, arm plates, and jaw structures. Morphometric analysis with five key variables: (rsi_l) left radial shield length, (eo_w) oral shield width, (eo_l) oral shield length, (rsi_a) left radial shield width, (rsd_w) right radial shield width, was able to differentiate Ophionephthys limicola and Amphiodia riisei, while Amphipholis squamata, Amphipholis januarii and Amphiodia pulchella showed an overlap due to the similarity in their measurements. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge and diversity of this family in this geographical area of the Colombian Caribbean and lays the foundations for systematic and ecological studies.eng
dc.description.degreelevelPregrado
dc.description.degreenameBiólogo(a)
dc.description.modalityTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensión
dc.description.tableofcontentsResumenspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsIntroducciónspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsMarco Teórico y Estado del Artespa
dc.description.tableofcontentsObjetivosspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsMateriales y métodosspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsResultadosspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsDiscusiónspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsAnexosspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsConclusionesspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsReferencias Bibliográficas
dc.description.tableofcontentsRecomendacionesspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9370
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Córdoba
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Básicas
dc.publisher.placeMontería, Córdoba, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBiología
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dc.rightsCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.keywordsAmphiuridaeeng
dc.subject.keywordsDistributioneng
dc.subject.keywordsIdentificationeng
dc.subject.keywordsMicrostructureseng
dc.subject.keywordsTaxonomyeng
dc.subject.proposalAmphiuridaespa
dc.subject.proposalDistribuciónspa
dc.subject.proposalIdentificaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalMicroestructurasspa
dc.subject.proposalTaxonomíaspa
dc.titleTaxonomía morfológica e implementación de microestructuras para la delimitación de Anfiuridos (Amphilepidida: Amphiuridae) de la Bahía de Cispatá, Colombiaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
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