Examinando por Materia "Salud ocupacional"

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    Comparativo del estado del arte de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo de Colombia con el contexto internacional
    (2021-10-12) Pérez Ely, Yulissa Elena; Díaz Ballesteros, José Luis; Pérez Ely, yulissa Elena
    Safety and Health at Work is the discipline in charge of the prevention of accidents and diseases caused by working conditions, their promotion, protection and maintenance of the physical, mental and social well-being of workers and their families, in order to minimize or eliminate risk factors and conditions that endanger safety and health at work. (DECREE 1443, 2014) With the issuance of Law 1562 of 2012, the system of occupational hazards in Colombia was modified, the concept of occupational health was changed for safety and health at work to be in tune with the denomination in the international context, later regulatory standards were issued that established the obligation to design and implement an occupational health and safety management system in companies, which is a process based on continuous improvement with the aim of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling the risks that may affect the occupational health and safety. The research is of a documentary type and its general objective was to carry out a comparative analysis of occupational safety and health in Colombia with the international context, obtaining the results that are presented in this monograph, namely: In relation to international laws, Colombia is at an intermediate level, its management system allows it to comply with the requirement of safe work, although it is a little behind other countries such as the United States, which its internationally known OSHA law has allowed Colombia regulate aspects related to work in confined spaces or like Spain, with its laws on its centralization, disclosure and control or with British standards, which gave rise to the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. 13 Compared to other countries such as Uruguay, which is a Latin American country like Colombia, its regulation, implementation and monitoring of policies are more backward and less decentralized, its regulations are outdated and its policies do not cover the real needs of the country.
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    Identificación y valoración de los factores de riesgo biomecánicos que provocan desordenes musculoesqueléticos en el proceso de conducción de la empresa Cooperativa de Transportadores Tucura
    (Universidad de Córdoba, 2024-10-22) Diaz Paternina, Manuel Esteban; Negrete Ortiz, Marlon Andrés; Romero Osorio, Fray Ramiro; Mercado Hoyos, Luis Enrique; Diaz Granados, Orlando Scoppetta
    El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar y valorar los factores de riesgo biomecánicos que provocan desórdenes musculoesqueléticos (DME) en los conductores de la Cooperativa de Transportadores TUCURA. Mediante el uso de encuestas de salud y bienestar, matrices de ausentismo y la aplicación del método RULA, se evaluaron los riesgos relacionados con posturas inadecuadas, movimientos repetitivos y vibraciones prolongadas durante la jornada laboral. Los resultados muestran que las áreas más afectadas de los conductores son la espalda baja, cuello y muñecas, y que un porcentaje considerable de los conductores presentan sobrepeso u obesidad, lo que incrementa su vulnerabilidad a los DME. Se diseñó un plan de acción con controles administrativos y de ingeniería, que incluyen capacitaciones en higiene postural, programas de pausas activas, y ajustes ergonómicos en los vehículos, para mitigar estos riesgos. El estudio concluye que la implementación de estas medidas mejorará significativamente la salud de los conductores, reducirá los costos asociados a la salud y aumentará la eficiencia operativa de la empresa.