Examinando por Materia "African palm"
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Publicación Acceso abierto Caracterización físico-química de suelos y contenido de nutrientes foliares y su relación con la incidencia de la pudrición de cogollo en palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) en el municipio de Zona Bananera Magdalena(DÁVILA Y DÁVILA S.A, 2022-01-31) Ibáñez Fernández, Carlos Ernesto; Combatt Caballero, Enrique; Ospino Gutiérrez, Delmides DendridDemonstrate what soil properties may be influencing the manifestation of the disease in the plant, so that it can be identified in order to propose programs that improve the condition involved. The objective of this research is to evaluate the relationship between the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils, the nutritional content of the leaves and the incidence of the disease Bud Rot in the cultivation of African Palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.). Through the implementation of a test carried out on the Padelma farm. The experimental work was carried out in the municipality of the banana zone of the department of Magdalena, located in the north of Colombia, on the Atlantic coast. This zone is located at the geographic coordinates: 10º46'00” North latitude and 74º8'00” longitude. The study was carried out under an experimental design of simple random sampling in six farms with 38 replications per farm (6 * 38). The variables for the physical characteristics of the soils were evaluated in eight observation wells. In each well the description of the first and second soil horizons was made. the color, structure, thickness of each horizon, presence of macro-organisms, roots, state oxide of reduction, water table, effective depth of roots, texture to the touch, compaction test by means of resistance to knife penetration and bulk density by the beveled cylinder method and resistance to penetration by the Eijkelkamp cone manual penetrometer method. This variable was evaluated in two ways: the first was carried out at three sites on the edge of the silver-plating area at three depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm respectively. For the second evaluation, three triangular transects were made from the shaft to the edge of the silver area, evaluating the penetration resistance at three depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm every 50 cm up to 3.5 m. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a comparison analysis of Tukey means (p = 0.05), a regression analysis for resistance to penetration, the data being processed with the statistical software SAS version 9.1. The results found indicate that among the degrees of incidence of bud rot (PC) the control, the predominant textures were loam, clay and clay loam and silty loam. The structure is associated with angular to subangular blocks, in addition, the soils presented approximately between 59.3 and 71.8% of gleyzación and between 37.5 and 59.3% of compacted soils between the observation wells evaluated. Among the degrees of severity, no differences were found between the levels of apparent density, ranging between 1.79 and 1.82 g cm-3 . Regarding penetration resistance, high critical levels were found at different depths, with values ranging between 1.57 and 5.0 Mpa. To evaluate the variables of the chemical conditions of the soil and their relationship with the foliar content, 38 soil samples were collected from 0 to 20 cm deep, for the foliar nutritional content, the foliar samples were collected on leaf number 17 in 38 palms. adults, which were sent to the Cenipalma laboratory, where the contents of macro and microelements both in the soil and foliar were evaluated: N,P S, Ca, Mg, K, Na + Fe3 +, Cu2 +, Mn2 + and Zn2 +, B, pH, exchangeable acidity and the percentage of organic carbon. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's mean comparison analysis (p = 0.05), and a correlation analysis between chemical and foliar variables using the statistical program SAS version 9.1. The results found indicate that the pH fluctuated between5.2 and 6 considered as acid soils. The content of organic matter in the soil was 19 found in between 2.1 and 1.0% classified as low, to medium. Regarding the chemical properties of the soils, it was found that the sulfur content was in the range of 78.3 to 10.5 mg kg-1 and of phosphorus in the soil, in a range of 40.5 and 21, 8 mg kg-1 , located above the parameters of Munévar and Lares. The content of bases is characterized by having a high content of calcium ranging between 10.4 to 5.0 cmocl kg-1 , for the content of Mg range was 4.7 and 1.5 cmolc kg-1 . The potassium content presented values between 1.1 and 0.6 cmolc kg-1 . The iron concentration levels in the soils showed values ranging from 382.5 to 199.1 mg kg-1 . For Mn, values between 57.4 and 14.5 mg kg-1 were found, for Cu the range of 5.1 to 2.4 mg kg-1 . For Zn its values were in the ranges between 3.9 and 3.3 mg kg-1 and for boron the content was in the range of 11 and 0.8 mg kg-1 . There is a positive correlation between the foliar manganese, zinc and boron content and the iron and copper content of the soil and the foliar copper content with the copper content in the soil. For the determination of the variable of the foliar content of nutrients and its correlation with the chemical conditions of the soil, the incidence of pc and the yield in the cultivation of African palm. The nutritional content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B of the leaf was evaluated. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), comparison analysis of Tukey means (p = 0.05), a correlation analysis between chemical and foliar variables using the statistical program SAS version 9.1 The results indicated that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are found at the foliar level below the critical ranges and calcium was found above the critical contents of the crop. The foliar contents of P, K and Mg do not present correlation with the nutrient contents of the soils. The minor elements such as iron, copper and zinc were established as high at the foliar level, finding that they are above the critical contents. The foliar contents of Mn, Cu and Zn do not present correlation with the edaphological contents that the soils present. With these results, it is established that in the Inversora and comercializadora farms with 22.4 and 22 t ha-1 they presented the highest yields and the ones with the lowest yields are Palmari and Rosaleda with 17.8 and 15.5 t ha-1 . The higher the accumulated content at the foliar level of N, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn, the lower the incidence of CP, but the higher the accumulation of K and B, the higher the incidence of CP, the higher the content accumulated at the leaf level of N, Foliar P, K and Zn, there is a higher yield, and a higher accumulation of Mg and B will show lower yields, in different farms in the municipality of the Magdalena banana zone.Publicación Acceso abierto Dinámica poblacional del defoliador de la palma de aceite Opsiphanes Cassina Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en la zona norte palmera colombiana.(2020-06-11) Naranjo Petro, Karen LuciaLa palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), es una las oleaginosas más productivas del mundo, siendo de gran utilidad en la industria especialmente para la producción de Biodiesel y aceite. Colombia es el cuarto país productor de aceite de palma en el mundo y el primero en América. Dentro de las plagas de mayor importancia económica que se encuentran en este cultivo, Opsiphanes cassina Felder (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) se ha convertido en uno de los problemas entomológicos más significativos, por esta razón se ejecutó este estudio desde septiembre de 2019 a febrero de 2020 en la empresa Palmas Sicarare S.A.S ubicada en Agustín Codazzi Km 10 vía Bucaramanga, cuya plantación cuenta con 2.844 hectáreas distribuida en 90 lotes, de los cuales se escogió el lote Santa Rosa 1 que cuenta con 16,34 ha y 2.303 palmas de variedad BRA, DJ*CMIXTO plantadas en 2010, para realizar el muestreo de plagas cada 20 días. Como objetivo se centró estudiar la dinámica poblacional de Opsiphanes cassina y su relación con factores de mortalidad bióticos y abióticos. La especie fue criada bajo condiciones de laboratorio y se registraron aspectos generales sobre tablas de vida de Opsiphanes cassina Felder, bajo condiciones de umbráculo; dando como resultado que la tasa de mortalidad (qx) fue mayor en pupa (qx =1,4) y en instar V (qx = 0,21); mientras que las menores tasas de mortalidad se encontraron en instar I (qx = 0,02) y en instar II (qx = 0,08) y en el campo en las plantaciones de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), las variaciones poblacionales de O. cassina se presentaron en un incremento del insecto en periodos de invierno, se presentó además un registro de parasitimo por Himenopteros del género Spilochalsis sp y Cotesia sp y depredación por parte de Chrysoperla carnea, Alcaeorhynchus grandis y Crematogaster sp suprimiendo el desarrollo de la plaga.