Examinando por Autor "Combatt Caballero, Enrique"
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Publicación Acceso abierto Caracterización físico-química de suelos y contenido de nutrientes foliares y su relación con la incidencia de la pudrición de cogollo en palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) en el municipio de Zona Bananera Magdalena(DÁVILA Y DÁVILA S.A, 2022-01-31) Ibáñez Fernández, Carlos Ernesto; Combatt Caballero, Enrique; Ospino Gutiérrez, Delmides DendridDemonstrate what soil properties may be influencing the manifestation of the disease in the plant, so that it can be identified in order to propose programs that improve the condition involved. The objective of this research is to evaluate the relationship between the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils, the nutritional content of the leaves and the incidence of the disease Bud Rot in the cultivation of African Palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.). Through the implementation of a test carried out on the Padelma farm. The experimental work was carried out in the municipality of the banana zone of the department of Magdalena, located in the north of Colombia, on the Atlantic coast. This zone is located at the geographic coordinates: 10º46'00” North latitude and 74º8'00” longitude. The study was carried out under an experimental design of simple random sampling in six farms with 38 replications per farm (6 * 38). The variables for the physical characteristics of the soils were evaluated in eight observation wells. In each well the description of the first and second soil horizons was made. the color, structure, thickness of each horizon, presence of macro-organisms, roots, state oxide of reduction, water table, effective depth of roots, texture to the touch, compaction test by means of resistance to knife penetration and bulk density by the beveled cylinder method and resistance to penetration by the Eijkelkamp cone manual penetrometer method. This variable was evaluated in two ways: the first was carried out at three sites on the edge of the silver-plating area at three depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm respectively. For the second evaluation, three triangular transects were made from the shaft to the edge of the silver area, evaluating the penetration resistance at three depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm every 50 cm up to 3.5 m. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a comparison analysis of Tukey means (p = 0.05), a regression analysis for resistance to penetration, the data being processed with the statistical software SAS version 9.1. The results found indicate that among the degrees of incidence of bud rot (PC) the control, the predominant textures were loam, clay and clay loam and silty loam. The structure is associated with angular to subangular blocks, in addition, the soils presented approximately between 59.3 and 71.8% of gleyzación and between 37.5 and 59.3% of compacted soils between the observation wells evaluated. Among the degrees of severity, no differences were found between the levels of apparent density, ranging between 1.79 and 1.82 g cm-3 . Regarding penetration resistance, high critical levels were found at different depths, with values ranging between 1.57 and 5.0 Mpa. To evaluate the variables of the chemical conditions of the soil and their relationship with the foliar content, 38 soil samples were collected from 0 to 20 cm deep, for the foliar nutritional content, the foliar samples were collected on leaf number 17 in 38 palms. adults, which were sent to the Cenipalma laboratory, where the contents of macro and microelements both in the soil and foliar were evaluated: N,P S, Ca, Mg, K, Na + Fe3 +, Cu2 +, Mn2 + and Zn2 +, B, pH, exchangeable acidity and the percentage of organic carbon. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's mean comparison analysis (p = 0.05), and a correlation analysis between chemical and foliar variables using the statistical program SAS version 9.1. The results found indicate that the pH fluctuated between5.2 and 6 considered as acid soils. The content of organic matter in the soil was 19 found in between 2.1 and 1.0% classified as low, to medium. Regarding the chemical properties of the soils, it was found that the sulfur content was in the range of 78.3 to 10.5 mg kg-1 and of phosphorus in the soil, in a range of 40.5 and 21, 8 mg kg-1 , located above the parameters of Munévar and Lares. The content of bases is characterized by having a high content of calcium ranging between 10.4 to 5.0 cmocl kg-1 , for the content of Mg range was 4.7 and 1.5 cmolc kg-1 . The potassium content presented values between 1.1 and 0.6 cmolc kg-1 . The iron concentration levels in the soils showed values ranging from 382.5 to 199.1 mg kg-1 . For Mn, values between 57.4 and 14.5 mg kg-1 were found, for Cu the range of 5.1 to 2.4 mg kg-1 . For Zn its values were in the ranges between 3.9 and 3.3 mg kg-1 and for boron the content was in the range of 11 and 0.8 mg kg-1 . There is a positive correlation between the foliar manganese, zinc and boron content and the iron and copper content of the soil and the foliar copper content with the copper content in the soil. For the determination of the variable of the foliar content of nutrients and its correlation with the chemical conditions of the soil, the incidence of pc and the yield in the cultivation of African palm. The nutritional content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B of the leaf was evaluated. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), comparison analysis of Tukey means (p = 0.05), a correlation analysis between chemical and foliar variables using the statistical program SAS version 9.1 The results indicated that the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are found at the foliar level below the critical ranges and calcium was found above the critical contents of the crop. The foliar contents of P, K and Mg do not present correlation with the nutrient contents of the soils. The minor elements such as iron, copper and zinc were established as high at the foliar level, finding that they are above the critical contents. The foliar contents of Mn, Cu and Zn do not present correlation with the edaphological contents that the soils present. With these results, it is established that in the Inversora and comercializadora farms with 22.4 and 22 t ha-1 they presented the highest yields and the ones with the lowest yields are Palmari and Rosaleda with 17.8 and 15.5 t ha-1 . The higher the accumulated content at the foliar level of N, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn, the lower the incidence of CP, but the higher the accumulation of K and B, the higher the incidence of CP, the higher the content accumulated at the leaf level of N, Foliar P, K and Zn, there is a higher yield, and a higher accumulation of Mg and B will show lower yields, in different farms in the municipality of the Magdalena banana zone.Publicación Acceso abierto Efecto de la salinidad sodica en el crecimiento y desarrollo de cultivares de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) a nivel de invernadero(2022-09-03) Valencia Agresoth, Robert Smith; Combatt Caballero, EnriqueEl objeto del trabajo fue determinar el efecto del estrés salino sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de diferentes cultivares de frijol caupí sometidos a diferentes niveles de salinidad sódica. Para esto se realizaron dos experimentos, el primero consistio en evaluar la sensibilidad a la salinidad sódica de los cultivares de caupí, en etapa inicial vegetativa, utilizando la colección del banco de germoplasma, que dirige el Doctor Hermes Aramendiz Tatis en la Universidad de Córdoba. Se trabajó con diseño completo al azar, con arreglo factorial 30 genotipos x 7 dosis con 4 repeticiones. 7 niveles de: 0 - 0,5 - 1,2 - 2,0 - 3,0 - 4,5 - 6,5 cmolc kg-1 de Na, 30 para un total de 840 unidades experimentales (UE). En el montaje se usaron frascos de vidrio de 100 mL, el cual fue llenado con 50 g de arena cuarcítica y una solución preparada con agua destilada y NaCl para cada tratamiento, posteriormente se dejaron tres plantas de cada uno de los genotipos de frijol caupí en cada unidad experimental. La colecta de los materiales fue a los 15 dias, separando los órganos raíces, tallos y hojas que fueron empacados individualmente en bolsas de papel y posteriormente secados en una estufa a razón de 72º por 48 horas. Finalmente, los órganos fueron pesados, considerando la masa seca total de la planta. El segundo experimento fue valorar el efecto de siete niveles de salinidad en las variables de crecimiento y los componentes de rendimiento en diferentes cultivares de frijol. Para el desarrollo, se delimitó un ensayo en un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial 5x7; 5 genotipos de frijol caupí: (L014, caupicor 55, Caupi M11, IT 86 y Caupicor 50); Tratamientos de: 0,0 - 0,5 - 1,2 - 2,0 - 3,0 - 4,5 - 6,5 cmolc kg-1 de Na, por unidad experimental y cuatro repeticiones. La combinación de todos los factores arrojó un total de 140 unidades experimentales. Cada UE estuvo constituida por 10 kg de suelo el cual fue tomado del campus experimental de la Universidad de Córdoba. En cada unidad experimental se depositaron las dosis de salinidad correspondiente a cada tratamiento, en forma de NaCl éstas fueron incubadas por 20 días. Posteriormente se dejaron dos plantas de cada genotipo por unidad experimental. A los datos colectados se le realizó análisis de varianza, regresión y correlación a 5% de significancia. Los cultivares que presentaron la mayor tolerancia a la salinidad se agruparon en el clúster III, los cuales tuvieron respuesta favorable y similar en las variaciones de biomasa analizados. Las condiciones de salinidad del suelo afectaron el NVP, de manera que en las variedades Caupicor 50, Caupicor 55, Caupí M11 e IT 86 se presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas al 1 %. Los resultados reportan que el incremento de la conductividad eléctrica causada por el NaCl ocasionó disminución en los rendimientos de masa seca de hojas, tallo y raíces, y los modelos que expresan esta tendencia se ajustaron a regresiones lineales y cuadráticas decrecientes y altamente significativas.Publicación Acceso abierto Nematodos fitopatógenos asociados al cultivo de plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds) clon hartón en el Alto Sinú, Córdoba(Fondo Editorial - Universidad de Córdoba, 2023) Jaraba Navas, Juan de Dios; JarmaOrozco, Alfredo de Jesús; Combatt Caballero, Enrique; Rodríguez Páez, Luis AlfonsoEl cultivo de plátano en Córdoba En Colombia durante el primer trimestre del 2019, los cultivos agrícolas aportaron 9,123 billones de pesos al producto interno bruto nacional. Dentro de estos cultivos, el plátano es de gran importancia debido a su aporte en la seguridad alimentaria y a su alto valor nutricional y económico. El plátano es fuente importante de energía, fibra, vitaminas A, B y C y minerales P, K, Ca, Mg y S, no tiene colesterol, es altamente digestivo y gran parte de su peso esta constituido por agua (IICA, 2007; Robinson & Galán, 2012).Publicación Acceso abierto Producción y descomposición de hojarasca foliar de diferentes sistemas silvopastoriles y su efecto sobre calidad del suelo en el Valle Medio del Sinú, Córdoba - Colombia(MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA Y DESARROLLO RURAL - AGROSAVIA, 2020-11-09) Tapia Coronado, Jairo Javier; Martínez Atencia, Judith; Combatt Caballero, Enrique; Ministerio de Agricultura - AgrosaviaIn Córdoba state, Colombia, there is little information on the contribution of silvopastoral systems to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, in addition to this, ecological balance and animal welfare. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the litter of forest species in silvopastoral arrangements on some properties indicative of soil quality. The research was carried out under a completely randomized block design with four treatments T1= Brachiaria cv. Mulato II, T2= Tabebuia rosea + Brachiaria cv. Mulato T3= Acacia mangium + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II, T4= Gmelina arbórea + Brachiaria cv. Mulato II, with three repetitions, through: 1). Determination of the litter production and the potential contribution of nutrients during 7 months, obtaining highly significant differences, being the forest species G. arborea and A. mangium those that obtained the highest litter production with 6938.1 and 5945.5 kg ha-1 respectively, followed by T. rosea with 3912.6 kg ha-1 and finally Mulato II with 2264.6 kg ha-1 . Regarding the potential contribution of the evaluated nutrients, the highest content of Nitrogen (N) in the leaf litter was recorded in the species G. arborea and A. mangium, with 70.77 kg ha-1 and 62.45 kg ha-1 respectively, while Mulato II recorded a value of 9.97 kg ha-1 . For the phosphorus nutrient (P), the highest values were obtained in G. arborea with 14.57 kg ha-1 and T. rosea with 5.48 kg ha-1 , while Mulato II registered 5.67 kg ha-1. For its part, calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) presented their highest content in G. arborea with 96.47 kg ha-1and 37.48 kg ha-1 , respectively, unlike Mulato II with 9.75 kg ha-1 and 14.51 kg ha-1 respectively. two). Litter decomposition rate evaluation for 7 months, where the results showed a highly significant difference between the average residual dry mass (MSR) of the litter of the A. mangium species, with the highest record, followed by T. rosea, G arborea and finally Mulato II, with the 0.74, 0.66 0.59 and 0.56 respectively. The decomposition speed showed that Mulato II and G. arborea exhibited the highest decomposition rate (k) with a value of 1.87 and 1.77 respectively, indicating an inverse relationship between these variables (MSR and k). 3). Determination of physicochemical properties with significant differences in organic matter between the SSP with T. rosea (4.43%) and A. mangium (4.33%), with respect to the Mulato II pasture (3.3%). The lowest record of mechanical resistance to penetration was obtained in Mulato II (1.62 MPa), followed by SSP with A.mangium (1.74 MPa), T. rosea (1.82 MPa) and G. arborea (1.85 MPa). The soil variables that did not register significant differences were bulk density, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium content and pH. These results allow us to conclude that silvopastoral arrangements contribute to the improvement of soil quality through the recycling of nutrients, becoming a clear alternative to traditional pasture systems.Publicación Acceso abierto Toxicidad de nanopartículas inorgánicas sobre los microorganismos del suelo con importancia agrícola. una revisión(2017-12-13) Palencia, Sixta; Combatt Caballero, Enrique; Palencia, ManuelEl continuo avance de la nanotecnología así como sus aplicaciones en el mejoramiento de la agricultura son una realidad; sin embargo, la información que se posee del impacto de este tipo de tecnología sobre los sistemas biomoleculares es muy escasa. El objetivo del presente documento es construir, desde un punto de vista molecular, un panorama del estado actual de las investigaciones en torno al efecto de las nanopartículas metálicas sobre los microorganismos (MOs) y de este modo contribuir, desde una base teórica, al entendimiento de las posibles interacciones que tienen lugar entre estos materiales y los sistemas biomoleculares de los MOs cuando este tipo de sustancias son liberadas al medioambiente, en particular, en agroecosistemas direccionados a la producción de alimentos. Se concluye que la incertidumbre asociada al efecto de las nanopartículas metálicas (M-NPs) sobre los MOs sigue siendo muy grande, y que en consecuencia, mayores estudios deben ser realizados. En términos generales, las M-NPs pueden interaccionar con biomoléculas mediante diferentes mecanismos que pueden operar de forma simultánea, siendo amplio el espectro de variables que determinan su efecto.