Examinando por Autor "Araméndiz Tatis, Hermes"
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Publicación Acceso abierto Caracterización de variedades e híbridos de arroz bajo condiciones controladas para tolerancia a altas temperaturas y sequía(2022-02-27) Vargas Mendoza, Yani Sandrid; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesEnvironmental stress is one of the main limiting factors for the productivity of cereal crops worldwide. The growth of the rice plant is closely related to its environment and its adaptation to the variable conditions caused by the large number of environmental factors that cause abiotic stress. With the aim of characterizing rice varieties and hybrids under different conditions of abiotic stress under controlled conditions, experiments were carried out at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture during 2021, to evaluate the effect of drought, high night temperatures and low radiation on yield and its components. The results indicate that low radiation significantly reduced the percentage of fertility and the weight of 1000 grains, which means a reduction in yield among the genotypes evaluated; On the other hand, drought stress causes a reduction in yield, mainly in the hybrid HL23057. These results show that these abiotic stresses are limiting factors for crop productivity and that rice is sensitive to lack of irrigation and low radiation during the grain-filling phase. Therefore, understanding these stresses and identifying tolerant genotypes will help to achieve the goal of improving crops and thus minimizing the loss in rice crop yield, in the interests of preserving the food security of the world population.Publicación Acceso abierto Caracterización morfoagronómica de clones de estevia (Stevia rebaudiana bert.) en la región Caribe de Colombia(2023-06-23) Jimenez Ramirez, Ana Melisa; Araméndiz Tatis, Hermes; Rodríguez Páez, Luis AlfonsoStevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) is a natural sweetener with low-calorie steviol glycosides (GS) and medicinal properties that provide great health benefits. The University of Córdoba needs to characterize the plant genetic resources of S. rebaudiana to identify divergent genotypes and improve the species. The study was carried out in the year 2022 in the experimental area of the University of Córdoba, and for this purpose a randomized complete block design (DBCA) was established, with 87 treatments and 3 repetitions, evaluating 25 morphoagronomic characters based on the descriptor of UPOV. Principal component analysis was used to identify discriminant characters and analysis of genetic divergence using the UPGMA method based on Gower's distance. In addition, the gas exchange efficiency was evaluated using an open-flow portable infrared gas analyzer. The results demonstrated that the clones exhibited a wide range of genetic variability for the characteristics: initial flowering stage and leaf shape. Principal component analysis explained 69.57% of the variation with eight components and identified the variables with the most variation: CP1 with 19.65% in plant height, CP2 with 12.58% in the initial flowering stage, CP3 with 10.58% in flower size, CP4 with 7.04% in plant type, CP5 with 5.71% in the presence of anthocyanin in the stem, CP6 with 4.84% in number of nodes, CP7 with 4 80% in resistance to the southern blight disease and CP8 with 4.37% in incision of the leaf margin. The quantitative descriptors that most contributed to genetic diversity were vegetative propagation capacity, number of nodes and stem thickness; these traits were more efficient to explain the dissimilarity between genotypes. Through the cluster analysis, 4 groups were formed, of which they had 3, 1, 66 and 17 genotypes; where clone L052 was identified as a genotype apart from the others, because it does not present pubescence on the leaf, late flowering stage, pale green leaf color and a favorable trait of number of primary branches. The L020 and L102 genotypes of the first group presented desirable characteristics for biomass production, these being the most divergent and with favorable agronomic attributes. In addition, clone L020 has characteristics such as high efficiency in water use and high net photosynthesis, reflected in a greater 14 production of leaf area. The clones of group 3 were the earliest to flowering, short cycle and the lowest rates of dry yield, with clone L082 presenting the earliest flowering, which makes this group agronomically undesirable; while the last group has the genotypes with the smallest thickness of the stem and intermediate flowering represented by clone L057. These results allow the selection of clones L020 and L102 for their evaluation in the producing areas of the Caribbean region, through Agronomic Evaluation Tests and/or to be used as parents for the genetic improvement program.Publicación Acceso abierto Caracterización morfoagronómica y nutricional de 30 genotipos de fríjol caupí [Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP.](2021-06-01) Fuentes Espitia, William José; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesCowpea beans [Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP.], Is one of the oldest sources of human food and, given the high cost of animal proteins, is the most economical viable protein source, therefore it represents one of the the most important vegetable crops in the world and the main food crops in Africa, Latin America and India; In the Caribbean region of Colombia it is of great social, economic and nutritional importance, since it is part of the diet of all its inhabitants, who consume it in different presentations, this makes it an alternative that partially mitigates problems of malnutrition in vulnerable sectors of various departments in this part of the country. The University of Córdoba has in custody a collection of germplasm of this species made up of 55 entries between Creole and foreign materials, without morphoagronomic characterization; Morphoagronomic characterization studies are important for the conservation of phytogenetic resources, also for the knowledge of phenotypic variation, the relationship between genotypes and the identification of parents with characteristics of interest to obtain new genetic materials, in programs of improvement of a species . In the present study, 30 cowpea bean accessions were evaluated, based on 36 morphoagronomic characters, taking as reference the descriptors of the species generated by the IBPGR, multivariate analysis techniques called principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used in the identification of characters. Discriminators for the quantification of the genetic diversity of the evaluated germplasm, and identification of materials with interesting traits, especially vigor, grain size, grain color and iron, zinc and protein contents. The results demonstrated the existence of genetic variability and the contribution of some characters to this, the most contrasting accessions for traits of agronomic and nutritional interest, are suggested as progenitors of future hybridizations to take advantage of heterosis, this in order to improve yield and quality. Nutritional status of existing genotypes.Publicación Acceso abierto Efecto de las oscilaciones de temperatura en la calidad de semillas de arroz (Oryza sativa l.)(2023-07-10) Guerrero Muñoz, Estefany; Álvarez Guerrero, José Armando; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesThis research was carried out with rice seeds from the Mojana region, which is characterized as a large producer of rice by small, medium and large producers. The aim of our project was to evaluate the effect of temperature oscillations on the physiological quality of the seeds of the creole variety LV, for which a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement + a seed control was applied. The first factor corresponds to day temperature: 30°C, 35°C and 40°C. And the second factor to night temperature: 20°C and 25°C and the seed control without temperature oscillations; with four replications; the seeds of each treatment were maintained for 12 hours at a day temperature and subsequently, a night temperature was applied for 12 hours and this cycle was repeated for 48 hours. The analysis of variance recorded significant and highly significant differences for plant height, root length and dry mass for the effects of day temperature. Whereas, for night temperature, there was no significance for plant height. The interaction of daytime and nighttime temperature showed significant differences for germination speed index and highly significant for dry mass. Emergence was not affected by temperature variations. However, it can be concluded that under temperature oscillations rice seed quality was affected in its vigor and this can have consequences in the establishment of a crop.Publicación Restringido Evaluación de 10 genotipos de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) por características agronómicas y nutricionales en el municipio de Cereté – Córdoba(2019-12-13) Fernández Gómez, Wilson David; Arroyo Rosales, Francy Luz; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesThe cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume of great importance in the world diet, being one of the main sources of protein, fibers, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins of vulnerable populations in tropical countries. In Colombia, in the department of Córdoba and the entire Colombian Caribbean; paradoxically it is among the orphan species of research and breeding programs; which generates a technological gap. The supply of minerals and proteins is insufficient to cover the nutritional requirements of the inhabitants in underdeveloped countries, generating hidden hunger, which has a special impact on the growth and development of infants and pregnant women, due to the fact that these populations lack resources for the intake of animal protein and supplementary minerals, so they must resort to plant sources as the species studied in this work, so it is necessary to conduct research aimed at the identification and evaluation of alternative food sources of nutrition for the region of Cereté, an area with nutritional problems in rural areas and low strata. The following research aims to know the agronomic and nutritional behavior of advanced lines of cowpea beans in the municipality of Cereté, as a new option of sowing and / or rotation with its agricultural tradition, the design of blocks was used completely at random with ten (10) treatments and four (4) repetitions with a population of 75 plants per experimental unit and 31,250 plants per hectare, from which the four central furrows will be harvestedPublicación Acceso abierto Evaluación de la calidad fisiológica de semillas de cultivares de frijol caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)(2021-06-08) Peña Salgado, Luisa Fernanda; Doria Pérez, Tatiana; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesEl frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) es una planta tropical y subtropical de importancia social, económica y nutricional en la región Caribe colombiana. Las semillas obtenidas por los productores de agricultura familiar de frijol son almacenadas en condiciones desfavorables, en condiciones ambientales de alta humedad relativa, temperatura y tiempo de almacenamiento prolongados, factores que influyen negativamente en el vigor de las semillas y de calidad de plántula. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del tiempo de almacenamiento de semillas de fríjol caupí en el potencial fisiológico de cinco genotipos de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Para los centros de investigación es importante evaluar las variables de calidad fisiológica mediante pruebas confiables, como lo son el método de Conductividad Eléctrica (CE) y la Prueba de Germinación (PG). Para el método de CE se usó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) bajo un arreglo factorial de 5 x 6, donde el factor A corresponde a los genotipos L-026, C- Valledupar, IT 86, C- Tierra Alta y C-001 y el factor B a los tiempos de imbibición 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 y 20 horas, con cinco repeticiones, donde se midió la cantidad de Lixiviados liberados en la solución de agua destilada expresado en micro siemens por centímetro por gramo (μS cm-1 g -1). Para la PG se utilizaron cinco genotipos anteriormente mencionados y cinco repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental estuvo constituida por 50 semillas y donde se midieron las variables índice de velocidad de germinación, porcentaje de germinación, porcentaje de humedad de las semillas, altura, longitud de la radícula, peso seco de las plántulas y número de hojas verdaderas. En dicho experimento se determinó que para evaluar el vigor de las semillas aplicando la prueba de CE es necesario dejar embebidas las semillas durante 12 horas para luego determinar la cantidad de Lixiviados y saber que genotipo tuvo mejor vigor que otro, en este caso se obtuvo diferencia significativa entre los genotipos, tiempo de imbibición y la interacción entre genotipo x tiempo de imbibición, esta prueba demostró que el genotipo L-026 tuvo menor vigor porque tuvo mayor cantidad de lixiviados 665,17 frente al cultivar C-Valledupar que tuvo 455,50 μS cm-1 g-1. La PG tuvo una similitud con la prueba de CE ya que arrojaron resultados similares en cuanto a que el cultivar C-Valledupar tuvo valores de 3,90- 100%; 15,28%; 0,66 gr; 18,62 cm; 10,00 cm y 1,8 en las variables índice de velocidad de germinación, porcentaje de germinación, porcentajes de humedad, peso seco de las plántula, altura de la plántula, longitud de la radícula y número de hojas verdaderas, respectivamente y el L-026 se catalogó como de bajo vigor ya que obtuvo valores inferiores a C-Valledupar de 2,25; 68%; 14,84%; 0,43gr; 12,46cm; 19,84 cm; 1,0 para las mismas variables esto debido a que el último tuvo mayor tiempo almacenado lo que hizo que estuviera mayor tiempo expuesto a oscilaciones de humedad relativa y temperatura.Publicación Acceso abierto Evaluación de la viabilidad de polen de fríjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), en diferentes tiempo y condiciones de almacenamiento(Universidad de Córdoba, 2020-11-03) Quiñónez Arrieta, Leidys Lorena; Silva Vega, Yulissa Fernanda; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesCowpea bean is a crop of social, economic and nutritional importance of the Colombian Caribbean, which according to some reports, has been affected in its yield, due to environmental changes especially high temperatures, which are increasing with the passing of the times. These fluctuations can cause negative effects on cowpea bean crop pollen viability. This research was carried out at Universidad de Córdoba aiming to evaluate the viability of pollen from three cowpea bean cultivars collected at different hours (6.00, 8: 00, 10: 00 and 12:00) and to determine the effect of different environments (fridge and cold-room, 1,1 ±0,5°C y RH 68% y 5,6 ± 1,0°C y RH 48%),) on pollen viability storaged for 6 and 12 days, which was determined by using staining methods with 1% Acetocarmín and 3% tetrazolium. Pollen was obtained from the collection of flower buds in anthesis in which temperature and relative humidity records were taken at the time of each sampling, using a using a completely randomized experimental design with a factorial arrangement of three factors; 2 (storage conditions), 3 (conservation times) 3 (genotypes), with four repetitions for pollen conservation. Regarding the time of collection, it was used a completely randomized experimental design with a factorial arrangement of two factors; 4 (hours of collection) and 3 (genotypes) for a total of 12 treatments, with four repetitions. The results stated that storage conditions do not impact pollen viability. As a matter of fact, conservation time and each genotype pollen features do influence its viability. With acetocarmin test were obtained the highest percentage of viable pollen (90%), in contrast with tetrazolium test, which was 70% where the pollen collection time did not affect its viabilityPublicación Acceso abierto Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico y nutricional de tres cultivares biofortificados y dos testigos comerciales de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en Montería – Córdoba(2021-06-29) Díaz Martínez, Jaileth; Díaz Díaz, Max Quever; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesThe lack of micronutrients in most foods has caused people to present hidden hunger, therefore, scientific and political entities are looking for alternatives to reduce the number affected. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture together with Haverts Plus have obtained rice cultivars with high zinc content to contribute to the increase of minerals through the biofortification of crops; within the framework of this project, it was proposed to evaluate the agronomic and nutritional behavior of five rice cultivars under irrigation conditions, a transplant method in order to measure the behavior of advanced cultivars, the experiment was established in November 2018 to April 2019 in the experimental area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Córdoba, Colombia located at coordinates 8°47′16″ north latitude and 75°5′28″ west longitude. A randomized complete block design was made with five treatments which corresponded to three cultivars biofortified with zinc (BF14AR021, BF14AR032, BF14AR035) and two controls, one local (CICA4) and one commercial (IR64) for which agronomic characteristics were assessed. , of milling and nutritional quality; Highly significant and significant differences were detected for all variables except in the number of clusters and white center, in terms of zinc content, the biofortified cultivar BF14AR021 obtained the highest value with 23.50 ppm. In addition, phenotypic correlations were made between performance and other response variables; which reflected that 23.07% were revealing at 5 and 1%, these values oscillating between 0.48 and 0.92.Publicación Acceso abierto Valor de mercado de plantaciones de teca (Tectona grandis Linn.) en el departamento de Córdoba(2017-08-04) Vergara Córdoba, Cesar A.; Cardona Ayala, Carlos E.; Murillo Gamboa, Olman; Jarma Orozco, Alfredo D.; Araméndiz Tatis, HermesLa teca (Tectona grandis L.) presenta gran estabilidad en ambientes cambiantes y es resistente a la degradación de agentes bióticos y abióticos. Por ello, su madera es considerada como una de las más valiosas del mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el valor de madera en pie de teca en Córdoba, Colombia. Se utilizaron parcelas circulares permanentes de 500 m2 con una intensidad de muestreo de 2%, en cinco rodales comerciales en los municipios de San Antero y Canalete, Córdoba. Se estimó el valor real en pie en función de la edad, calidad y dimensión de trozas, volumen (por clase diamétrica), potencial de aprovechamiento y transporte. Los resultados mostraron que la plantación El Limón (San Antero), con el más alto volumen de madera en pie, fue la de que más disminuyó su valoración (67,5%). La plantación mejor valorada fue Guazimal (Canalete), con una disminución de su valor real de 56,7%. El grosor de los árboles fue el factor de siembra y en el manejo silvícola. Este trabajo muestra el valor actual de las plantaciones de teca en el departamento de Córdoba y servirá de punto de referencia para futuras investigaciones.