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Caracterización y manejo químico de aislados de Colletotrichum spp. Causantes de la antracnosis del ñame (Dioscorea spp.) en el departamento de Córdoba

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dc.contributor.advisorCampo Arana, Rodrigo Orlando
dc.contributor.authorRoyet Barroso, Jhoandys de Jesús
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-10T18:31:20Z
dc.date.available2022-06-10T18:31:20Z
dc.date.issued2022-06-08
dc.description.abstractThe yam crop is of great importance for the economy of tropical and subtropical countries located in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and is part of the human diet, being valued for its contribution of carbohydrates and vitamins. The most widely planted species have been affected by phytosanitary problems caused by fungi and viruses, where the most limiting disease is anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), causing losses of up to 85%. Disease management has been done through the application of fungicides and cultural practices without achieving an effective management of the disease; due to the lack of knowledge of the disease and the increasing levels of resistance of the genus to different fungicides, in this sense, the monitoring of resistance to fungicides is crucial to achieve an effective management of the disease and no previous report has explored the resistance in the populations of Colletotrichum in yams in Colombia. Therefore, the following research was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. to fungicides with different modes of action. The research was carried out in two phases, one in the field and the other in the laboratory; in the field, the different symptoms associated with anthracnose were identified and described, then isolates of each type of lesion were obtained and the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the isolates were described. The virulence and severity of the isolates was determined by in vitro inoculation of four promising accessions of yam D. alata and three of D. rotundata. Genetic variability was determined by sequencing the ITS region of the 5,8S gene. Finally, the sensitivity of the strains to fungicides was determined by in vitro assays. Field observations allowed the classification of nine types of symptoms in yam cultivars (seven lesions and two necroses). Eleven monosporic isolates were obtained and classified into three groups according to morphological and cultural characteristics, with a correlation coefficient r = 0.90, which showed differences between pathogenicity and virulence in resistant and susceptible hosts. Partial sequencing of the ITS region identified C. gloeosporioides and C. fructicola associated with yam anthracnose in the department of Córdoba. Disease severity showed statistical differences, allowing the classification of accessions as highly resistant, resistant and highly susceptible. Finally, the sensitivity of the isolates according to LD50 values, azoxystrobin and difenoconazole were most effective against the isolates of Colletotrichum spp, tested in this study, followed by chlorothalonil and captan, while the least effective fungicides were mancozeb and benomyl. This research confirmed the variability in symptomatology, morphological and molecular traits, virulence and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. associated with yam anthracnose, which can be exploited to improve disease management strategies.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Agronómicasspa
dc.description.modalityTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensiónspa
dc.description.resumenEl cultivo de ñame es de gran importancia para la economía de los países tropicales y subtropicales ubicados en África, Asia, América central y del sur, hace parte de la dieta humana, siendo valorado por su aporte de carbohidratos y vitaminas. Las especies más sembradas se han visto afectadas por problemas fitosanitarios causados por hongos y virus; donde la enfermedad más limitante es la antracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), causando pérdidas hasta de un 85%. El manejo de la enfermedad se ha hecho mediante la aplicación de fungicidas y prácticas culturales sin alcanzar un manejo eficaz de esta; debido al desconocimiento de la enfermedad y el aumento de los niveles de resistencia del género a diferentes fungicidas, en este sentido, el monitoreo de la resistencia a los fungicidas es crucial para lograr un manejo efectivo de la enfermedad y ningún informe anterior ha explorado la resistencia en las poblaciones de Colletotrichum en ñame en Colombia. Por lo tanto, se plantea la siguiente investigación, cuyo objetivo es contribuir en el manejo integrado de la antracnosis del ñame Colletotrichum spp., mediante la caracterización de los síntomas de la enfermedad, de su agente causal y la sensibilidad a fungicidas comúnmente empleados en su manejo. La investigación se realizó en dos fases, una en campo y otra en laboratorio; en campo se identificaron y describieron los diferentes síntomas asociados a la antracnosis, luego se obtuvieron los aislados de cada tipo de lesión y se describieron las características macroscópicas y microscópicas de los aislados. La virulencia y severidad de los aislados fue determinada mediante la inoculación in vitro de cuatro accesiones promisorias de ñame D. alata y tres de D. rotundata. La variabilidad genética se determinó secuenciando la región ITS del gen 5,8S. Finalmente, se determinó la sensibilidad de las cepas a los fungicidas mediante ensayos “in vitro”. Las observación en campo permitieron clasificar nueve tipos de síntomas en los cultivares de ñame (siete lesiones y dos necrosis). Se obtuvieron 11 aislados monospóricos, que se clasificaron en tres grupos según características morfológicas y culturales, los cuales presentaron diferencias entre su patogenicidad y virulencia en hospederos resistentes y susceptibles. La secuenciación parcial de la región ITS identificaron a C. gloeosporioides y C. fructicola asociados a la antracnosis del ñame en el departamento de Córdoba. La severidad de la enfermedad mostró diferencias estadísticas, perimiendo clasificar las accesiones como altamente resistente, resistentes y altamente susceptibles. Por último, la sensibilidad de los aislados según los valores de DL50, el azoxystrobin y el difenoconazol fueron más efectivos contra los aislados de Colletotrichum spp, probados en este estudio, seguidos por el clorotalonil y el captan, mientras que los fungicidas menos eficaces fueron el mancozeb y el benomyl. Está investigación confirmó la variabilidad en la sintomatología, los rasgos morfológicos, moleculares, la virulencia y la sensibilidad a los fungicidas de las especies de Colletotrichum asociadas a la antracnosis del ñame, las cuales se pueden aprovechar para mejorar las estrategias de manejo de la enfermedad.spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsRESUMEN.............................................................................................................................................7spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................9spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA............................................................................11spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3. OBJETIVOS.................................................................................................................................13spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL...........................................................................................................13spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS.................................................................................................................................13spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4. MARCO TEÓRICO.................................................................................................................................14spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1. IMPORTANCIA DEL CULTIVO DE ÑAME.................................................................................................................................14spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.2. LIMITANTES DEL CULTIVO..................................................................................................................................15spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3. LA ANTRACNOSIS.................................................................................................................................16spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3.1. Etiología o agente causal.................................................................................................................................16spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3.2. Biología de Colletotrichum spp..................................................................................................................................17spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3.3. Síntomas de la antracnosis en ñame.................................................................................................................................19spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3.4. Caracterización e identificación del genero Colletotrichum...............................................................................21spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3.6. Sensibilidad de Colletotrichum spp a fungicidas 23spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5. METODOLÓGÍA............................................................................................................................................................24spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.1. LOCALIZACIÓN.................................................................................................................................24spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5.2. PROCEDIMIENTO.................................................................................................................................24spa
dc.description.tableofcontents6. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES.................................................................................................................................31spa
dc.description.tableofcontents7. CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................................................64spa
dc.description.tableofcontents8. RECOMENDACIONES.................................................................................................................................64spa
dc.description.tableofcontents9. BIBLIOGRAFÍA.................................................................................................................................64spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/5200
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrícolasspa
dc.publisher.placeMontería, Córdoba, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ciencias Agronómicasspa
dc.rightsCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2022spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.keywords“In vitro” fungicide sensitivityeng
dc.subject.keywordsFungal morphologyeng
dc.subject.keywordsPathogenicityeng
dc.subject.keywordsGenetic variabilityeng
dc.subject.proposalSensibilidad “in vitro” a fungicidasspa
dc.subject.proposalMorfología de hongosspa
dc.subject.proposalPatogenicidadspa
dc.subject.proposalVariabilidad genéticaspa
dc.titleCaracterización y manejo químico de aislados de Colletotrichum spp. Causantes de la antracnosis del ñame (Dioscorea spp.) en el departamento de Córdobaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionspa
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