Publicación:
Eichhornia crassipes contaminada con mercurio como un generador de biogas

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dc.contributor.advisorMarrugo Negrete, José Luisspa
dc.contributor.authorBossio Sanchez, Amaury
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-09T15:50:18Z
dc.date.available2022-03-09T15:50:18Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-04
dc.description.abstractLa Eichhornia crassipes (EC) es considerada como una maleza nociva en muchas partes del mundo, ya que su vertiginoso crecimiento agota el oxígeno y los nutrientes rápidamente en los cuerpos de agua, afectando negativamente a la flora y la fauna. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el rendimiento en la producción de biogás usando la EC como sustrato único proveniente de una zona contaminada por metales pesados (Mojana-Colombia) y co-digestión con estiércol de vaca como inóculo, teniendo en cuenta que la producción de biogás a través de digestión anaeróbica (AC) de materiales orgánicos de desecho ofrece una alternativa ecológica de energía renovable. En este estudio, se evalúa  la producción de biogás a partir de la digestión de EC con estiércol de vaca (co-digestor, AC) en diferentes composiciones porcentuales según el diseño experimental de optimización-superficie respuesta, los %EC y %AC estuvieron en los rangos de composición de 8,8 a 26,4% y 2,6 a 7,7 respectivamente y la respuesta estimada fue el % Metano generado. Todas las digestiones se realizaron en condiciones mesófilas (38 °C) usando un digestor batch en el laboratorio de toxicología ambiental en la Universidad de Córdoba-Colombia. En todos los tratamientos se determinó  los sólidos totales (ST), sólidos volátiles (SV), Carbono orgánico, porcentaje de humedad, pH y Hg-Total antes y después de cada digestión. La producción de biogás se midió  por el método de desplazamiento de agua para los siguientes 32 días. Los resultados muestran un valor  óptimo de eficiencia para la producción de metano de 60,91% en las condiciones de composición %EC 26,4 y %AC 7,7 teniendo una mayor influencia la variable AC (Co-digestor) en la respuesta generada para la digestión. Se destacan el buen comportamiento de los tratamientos T1: 8,8%EC-2,6%AC; T3: 8,8%EC-7,7%AC y T6: 8,8%EC-5,1%AC en cuanto a la favorabilidad de las variables pH, %Humedad, %Carbono, TS y VS en la generación del biogás. Para todos los tratamientos los porcentajes de Hg-T retenidos después de la digestión anaeróbica estuvieron entre 84,74 y 92,59 % para los tratamientos T4 y T5 respectivamente, estos valores indican que el Hg-T se mantiene en la biomasa aun después de la digestión anaeróbica con porcentajes encima de 80%. En cuanto a los subproductos de la digestión anaeróbica los resultados indican que pueden ser utilizados como abonos orgánicos líquidos según la norma NTC 5167.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Ambientalesspa
dc.description.modalityTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensiónspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsRESUMEN .......................................................................................................................... 10spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 11spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................... 12spa
dc.description.tableofcontents1. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................ 16spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2. MARCO TEÓRICO Y ANTECEDENTES ............................................................... 17spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.1. Jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) ........................................................... 17spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.1.1. EC como especie acumuladora de metales pesados ............................ 18spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.1.2. Aprovechamiento energético de la EC ..................................................... 18spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.2. Aprovechamiento de Biomasa .......................................................................... 20spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.3. Reutilización de biomasa contaminada con metales pesados (HMBC)..... 20spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4. Biogás ................................................................................................................... 22spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.1. Descripción del proceso de biodigestión ................................................. 23spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.2. Factores que influyen en la digestión anaerobia .................................... 26spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.3. Microorganismos presentes en la digesti n anaerobia ......................... 29spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.4.4. Tipos de biodigestores ................................................................................ 32spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.5. Generaci n de Bioenergía en Colombia ......................................................... 33spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.5.1. Proyectos y empresas implicadas en Colombia ..................................... 34spa
dc.description.tableofcontents2.5.2. Antecedentes Investigativos en Colombia ............................................... 35spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3. METODOLOGÍA ........................................................................................................ 40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.1. Descripción del área de estudio........................................................................ 40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.2. Materia prima ....................................................................................................... 40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.3. Diseño del Experimento ..................................................................................... 40spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4. Determinación de las propiedades físico-químicas de los sustratos .......... 41spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4.1. Sólidos totales .............................................................................................. 41spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4.2. Sólidos volátiles y fijos ................................................................................ 42spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4.3. Determinación del contenido de humedad .............................................. 42spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4.4. Las determinaciones de pH........................................................................ 43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.4.5. El carbono orgánico ..................................................................................... 43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.5. Análisis de mercurio total en la digestión anaeróbica ................................... 43spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.6. Digestión anaeróbica de los sustratos ............................................................. 44spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.7. Configuración del digestor para producción de biogás ................................. 45spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.8. Subproductos de digestión como fertilizante agrícola ................................... 46spa
dc.description.tableofcontents3.8.1. Análisis de los datos .................................................................................... 46spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4. RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS .................................................................................... 47spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1. Propiedades físico-químicas de los sustratos utilizados en la co-digestión. 47spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.1.1. El análisis de los valores de TS y VS de los diferentes tratamientos antes y después de la digestión anaeróbica. ........................................................ 49spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.2. Optimización de composiciones de EC y co-digestor de estiércol de ganado (AC) para la digestión anaeróbica. ............................................................... 53spa
dc.description.tableofcontents4.3. Subproductos de la digestión anaeróbica de EC y AC (Co-digestor de estiércol de vaca). .......................................................................................................... 58spa
dc.description.tableofcontents5. CONCLUSIONES ...................................................................................................... 62spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsREFERENCIAS .................................................................................................................. 63spa
dc.description.tableofcontentsAnexo I ................................................................................................................................. 83spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/4928
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Básicasspa
dc.publisher.placeMontería, Córdoba, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMaestría en Ciencias Ambientalesspa
dc.rightsCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2022spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessspa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.keywordsBiogaseng
dc.subject.keywordsCo-digestioneng
dc.subject.keywordsManureeng
dc.subject.keywordsEichhornia crassipeseng
dc.subject.keywordsBiomass contaminatedeng
dc.subject.keywordsGenerator biogaseng
dc.subject.proposalBiogás,spa
dc.subject.proposalCo-digestiónspa
dc.subject.proposalEstiércol de Vacaspa
dc.subject.proposalEichhornia crassipesspa
dc.subject.proposalSólidos totalesspa
dc.subject.proposalSólidos volátilesspa
dc.titleEichhornia crassipes contaminada con mercurio como un generador de biogasspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionspa
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