Examinando por Materia "Salinity"
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Publicación Acceso abierto Dinámica de la salinización de la zona deltáico-estuarina del río Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia. bajo la óptica de la influencia hidrogeoquímica de las aguas freáticas zonales(2021-10-01) Raciny Soto, Adriana Sofía; Martínez Lara, Soraya Yasquine; Cantero Benítez , MónicaWithin the processes of soil degradation it has been defined that salinization is one of the most important in the Colombian territory. To study this phenomenon, it was necessary to use hydrogeochemistry as a valuable tool to describe the variability of the composition of groundwater, allowing to simulate chemical reactions and transport processes. In the area deltaico-estuarine, we present the process of salinization and/or sodificación due to natural causes and poor agricultural techniques such as cutting, replacement of mangrove rice and excessive use of agrochemicals, therefore, in this research we evaluated the spatial-temporal dynamics of this process as a function of methods hidrogeoquímicos and statistical. From the information collected it was found that the waters are classified as sodium chlorinated and the dominant hydrogeochemical processes in the system are evaporation and ion exchange. Through statistical analyses it was deduced that chloride and sodium ions were strongly related. With the modeling of speciation and solubility, it was obtained that the main salt present in the area is MgSO4, followed by NaCl, since they presented the highest concentrations. In the salt isoconcentration maps, the central and southeast areas of the flood plain were the most affected by the salinity process, due to the higher concentration levels in that area. The mineralogical species that generate increased salinity due to being modeled as subsaturated phases are halite, epsomite, mirabilite, nahcolite and thenardite.Publicación Acceso abierto Efecto de la salinidad sodica en el crecimiento y desarrollo de cultivares de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) a nivel de invernadero(2022-09-03) Valencia Agresoth, Robert Smith; Combatt Caballero, EnriqueEl objeto del trabajo fue determinar el efecto del estrés salino sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de diferentes cultivares de frijol caupí sometidos a diferentes niveles de salinidad sódica. Para esto se realizaron dos experimentos, el primero consistio en evaluar la sensibilidad a la salinidad sódica de los cultivares de caupí, en etapa inicial vegetativa, utilizando la colección del banco de germoplasma, que dirige el Doctor Hermes Aramendiz Tatis en la Universidad de Córdoba. Se trabajó con diseño completo al azar, con arreglo factorial 30 genotipos x 7 dosis con 4 repeticiones. 7 niveles de: 0 - 0,5 - 1,2 - 2,0 - 3,0 - 4,5 - 6,5 cmolc kg-1 de Na, 30 para un total de 840 unidades experimentales (UE). En el montaje se usaron frascos de vidrio de 100 mL, el cual fue llenado con 50 g de arena cuarcítica y una solución preparada con agua destilada y NaCl para cada tratamiento, posteriormente se dejaron tres plantas de cada uno de los genotipos de frijol caupí en cada unidad experimental. La colecta de los materiales fue a los 15 dias, separando los órganos raíces, tallos y hojas que fueron empacados individualmente en bolsas de papel y posteriormente secados en una estufa a razón de 72º por 48 horas. Finalmente, los órganos fueron pesados, considerando la masa seca total de la planta. El segundo experimento fue valorar el efecto de siete niveles de salinidad en las variables de crecimiento y los componentes de rendimiento en diferentes cultivares de frijol. Para el desarrollo, se delimitó un ensayo en un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial 5x7; 5 genotipos de frijol caupí: (L014, caupicor 55, Caupi M11, IT 86 y Caupicor 50); Tratamientos de: 0,0 - 0,5 - 1,2 - 2,0 - 3,0 - 4,5 - 6,5 cmolc kg-1 de Na, por unidad experimental y cuatro repeticiones. La combinación de todos los factores arrojó un total de 140 unidades experimentales. Cada UE estuvo constituida por 10 kg de suelo el cual fue tomado del campus experimental de la Universidad de Córdoba. En cada unidad experimental se depositaron las dosis de salinidad correspondiente a cada tratamiento, en forma de NaCl éstas fueron incubadas por 20 días. Posteriormente se dejaron dos plantas de cada genotipo por unidad experimental. A los datos colectados se le realizó análisis de varianza, regresión y correlación a 5% de significancia. Los cultivares que presentaron la mayor tolerancia a la salinidad se agruparon en el clúster III, los cuales tuvieron respuesta favorable y similar en las variaciones de biomasa analizados. Las condiciones de salinidad del suelo afectaron el NVP, de manera que en las variedades Caupicor 50, Caupicor 55, Caupí M11 e IT 86 se presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas al 1 %. Los resultados reportan que el incremento de la conductividad eléctrica causada por el NaCl ocasionó disminución en los rendimientos de masa seca de hojas, tallo y raíces, y los modelos que expresan esta tendencia se ajustaron a regresiones lineales y cuadráticas decrecientes y altamente significativas.Publicación Acceso abierto Evaluación de la dinámica espacio temporal del proceso de salinización en el corregimiento de La Doctrina, Córdoba mediante métodos estadísticos e hidrogeoquímicos(2021-09-18) Burgos Ortiz, Neider Antonio; Villalba López, Ángela Isabel; Cantero Benítez, Mónica CeciliaWithin the processes of soil degradation, salinization has been defined as one of the most important in the territory. To study this phenomenon, it was necessary to use the hydrogeochemical and tools to describe the composition of spatial and temporal variability of groundwater, allowing us to simulate chemical reactions and transport processes. In the areas deltaico-estuarine, the process of salinization and/or sodification occurs due to natural causes and bad farming techniques, therefore, this research evaluated the spatial-temporal dynamics of this process in the area deltaico-estuary of the river Sinu according to methods hidrogeoquímicos and statistical. Through the analysis of the data using hydrochemical diagrams, it was found that the waters are generally classified as sodium chlorinated and the dominant hydrogeochemical processes were identified, where evaporation and ion exchange are those that control the dynamics of the system. With the use of statistical analyses, it was deduced that chloride and sodium ions were strongly related. Through the modeling, it was obtained that the main salt present in the area is MgSO4, followed by NaCl since they presented the highest concentrations, with the isoconcentration maps of salts, it was observed that the northeast area of the flood plane is the most affected by the salinity process. The mineralogical species that generate increased salinity due to being modeled as subsaturated phases are halite, epsomite, mirabilite, nahcolite and thenardite.Publicación Acceso abierto Influencia del estrés salino en el crecimiento, intercambio gaseoso y pigmentos fotosintéticos de stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) bajo condiciones de invernadero en el caribe colombiano(2020-06-09) Castillejo Morales, Ángela María; Jarma Orozco, Alfredo de Jesús;The Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) species is an herbaceous plant, belonging to the genus Stevia Cav. characteristic of the American continent, member of the Eupatorieae tribe, family Asteraceae (Flores y Espinosa, 2018). It is a plant widely spread throughout the world since its leaves produce diterpene glycosides (steviosides and rebaudiosides), lowcalorie, non-toxic and high-potency sweeteners that can replace sucrose and other synthetic sweeteners, being 300 times sweeter than sucrose (A. Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni, S.-A. Esmaeili, E. Abdollahi, and AJC pd Sahebkar, 2017). The use of stevia has increased as a consequence of the awareness that the use of sucrose has raised about health. Beyond its value as a sweetener, stevia and its glycosides have therapeutic effects against various diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, inflammation, cystic fibrosis, obesity and dental caries. Studies have shown that the steviol glycosides found in stevia are not teratogenic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic and do not cause acute and subacute toxicity (A. Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni, S.-A. Esmaeili, E. Abdollahi, y A. Sahebkar, 2017). In addition to the benefits in human health, the cultivation of stevia implies the generation of jobs favoring the peasant and small producers labor force. In this sense, the University of Córdoba has developed adaptation and management studies in clones and promising stevia lines, which demonstrate the potential for planting in the Colombian Caribbean thanks to its agro-ecological diversity. However, the behavior of these promising new lines in the face of current and future changes, as a consequence of unsustainable anthropic activities such as the salinization of soils, is unknown. With the growth of the stevia market, the need to increase the production area has been generated, however, in the department of Córdoba, salinization problems arise, which affect crop yields, making it necessary To know the aspects applied to the productivity of stevia plants under saline stress conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this research work was to evaluate the response of growth parameters, gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments of Stevia rebaudiana Bert., To different concentrations of salts (0; 0.2; 0.5; 1, 2; 2.0 and 3.0 meq Na / 100g) in two genotypes (C19 and C04) under greenhouse conditions. Chapter II shows the study of the effect of five levels of salinization under greenhouse conditions on the production and distribution of stevia biomass. The relationship between growth and salt stress of the two stevia genotypes studied in the present investigation has a decreasing trend as NaCl doses are increased. The biomass located in the aerial organs is significantly affected with levels of 0.2 meq Na / 100g. Both genotypes showed a 8 tendency to increase in root biomass at the highest NaCl doses (2.0 and 3.0 meq Na / 100g), which could be considered a defense physiological response to osmotic stress. In Chapter III, the gas exchange response is shown in two genotypes of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. under five concentrations of salts. The most relevant results showed a differential behavior in the variables of gas exchange, DPV, internal leaf temperature and Ci / Ca, which could be explained by the effect of gene expression. While stomatal conductance and perspiration values did not report effects of NaCl doses and / or genotypes. The reduction in the rate of CO2 assimilation is associated with increased salinity but is not related to stomatal effects, suggesting an oxidative response of plants to saline stress conditions.