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The internship was developed in the business group BANAEXPORT S.A.S, a company dedicated to the production of bananas export in the municipality of Carepa Antioquia, in which agronomic management and cultural activities were developed to increase the productivity of the crop. The objective of this practice was to accompany and supervise the cultural work of the banana crop on the farms. To fulfill this purpose, activities such as Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) monitoring, measurement of Moko (ralstonia solanacearum) area, population and vigor sampling, fertilization and weeding evaluation, pest monitoring, and foliar sampling were carried out constantly in the different lots of the farms. Each of these activities allowed to strengthen the knowledge in banana crop management, in addition to the agronomic management that was carried out in each one of them, and also identified the correct way to execute the different practices for crop management.

This document shares the results obtained in the business practice carried out in the Colanta cooperative, which in alliance with USAID develops the project "Bitter cassava for a sweet milk", the business practice was developed in the period from October 2021- April 2022, which had the objective of accompanying the group in the evaluation of the productivity of the varieties (Verónica, M-Tai, Sinuana, Ropain, Belloti), planted in the experimental plot of the Alliance "Yucca Amarga para una dulce leche" Colanta -USAID. In this, the weight, diameter, length, dry mass content of these tubers was evaluated, allowing to obtain characteristics of each of these varieties in the edaphoclimatic conditions offered by the municipality of Caucasia. These activities allowed to strengthen knowledge in the management of cassava cultivation and with it, to offer the territory an analysis focused on productive sustainability, both for companies and for producers

Esta práctica se realizó en la finca Sayula, subregión del Urabá Antioqueño, esta finca pertenece a la empresa Bananera Sanín. El objetivo fue brindar acompañamiento en el seguimiento, capacitación y posterior evaluación de las labores culturales requeridas en el cultivo del banano para aumentar su efectividad, buscando maximizar las distintas labores propias del cultivo de banano. Por lo tanto, fue necesario realizar capacitaciones a los operadores sobre la forma correcta de hacer sus labores, con el fin de revisar los procedimientos establecidos, creando una mejora continua en el desempeño de cada trabajo para obtener productos de calidad. Se utilizó la plataforma de Sioma para evaluar las labores de amarre, embolse, desflore, deshoje, desmane, desbacote, desmache, desvío de puyones, desvío de racimo, labores que se conocen como protección de fruta y fue donde se encontraron las mayores inconsistencias. Posterior se realizó un inventario de arvenses frecuentes en la finca, arvenses como cobertura vegetal. También se tuvo en cuenta el estado de sincronización de la plantación de la finca, para esto se realizaron evaluaciones de muestreo en cada uno de los lotes y con ello se identificó el porcentaje sincronizado, el cual tuvo como resultado un 64% de sincronización. A pesar de este resultado la finca Sayula sigue siendo competitiva en la región y de buena producción, con varios parámetros para mejorar.

A support process was carried out applying the participatory approach of the PBA corporation, to 106 producers from 4 organizations, located in the Berástegui, district, municipality of Ciénaga de Oro (Córdoba). This accompaniment included technical training for crop improvement using the “learn by doing” methodology; the promotion of community participation through experiences of collective production and trials managed by Nuclei of Participatory Research (NIP), and technical assistance to producers in their individual and community production systems. It was evidenced that the producers: actively participated in the training and were able to apply the knowledge and practices learned in their agricultural systems; They responded to the recommendations generated from the technical assistance, which made it possible to improve the development of crops until harvest, and increased interaction in the different spaces where they participated, strengthening group work and giving more solidity to the organizations they participated in. belong.

The business practice was carried out at Group Santamaria S.A. Company dedicated to the production and marketing of export-type bananas, located in the municipality of Apartadó, Antioquia. In which a series of activities were developed, including; supervise the different field tasks, with emphasis on the bagging of the bunches, carry out follow-ups on the topping, planting counts, develop training and carry out waste analysis in the process of cutting and packing banana fruit. The main objective was to supervise and evaluate the cultural work carried out in banana cultivation (Musa AAA. Simmonds). According to the programming of the technical assistance department, the farms to be visited were assigned. Finding in these visits quite important findings since multiple opportunities for improvement in the quality of work were evident, some operators with instructions outside the company instructions and some inconsistencies at the company level. These findings were shared with the technical assistants and the determination was made to make adjustments to the evaluation formats, seeking to be more effective and to modify the periodicity of the field visits. Showing a positive impact on the quality of the field work, such as the removal work, which went from a general average of 94% quality to 98%, also highlighting the bagging and instruction work since the group historically It was presenting latex stain, burning of the bag, mechanical damage and unpacked bunches, all these factors affecting the appearance of the fruit and detracting from its commercial value. Starting to show a better appearance in the processed fruit in the packing plant, showing the great impact on the productivity indicators generated by the constant and correct execution of field work.

La práctica empresarial se desarrolló en la finca Velero del municipio de Apartado-Antioquia durante el periodo Marzo-septiembre de 2019, la finca hace parte del conjunto de fincas que conformar el grupo empresarial Banaexport S.A.S, el cual se dedica a la producción y exportación de banano de calidad Premium en el Urabá Antioqueño. Esta práctica tuvo objetivo acompañar y supervisar las labores culturales del cultivo de banano en la finca, para cumplir con este objetivo se realizaron actividades como monitoreo de Sigatoka, medición de área de Moko, muestreos de población y vigor, evaluación de cosecha, muestreo foliar, muestreo de suelos, acompañamiento a fumigadores, evaluación de retorno de la unidad productiva en un año e inventario de arvenses, actividades que se realizaban constantemente en los diferentes lotes de la finca. Cada una de estas actividades permitió afianzar los conocimientos en el manejo del cultivo de banano, ya que se lograron identificar las diferentes enfermedades, fisiopatías, plagas y arvenses dentro del cultivo de banano, además del manejo agronómico que se realizaba en cada una de ella, también se identificó la forma correcta de ejecutar las diferentes prácticas para el manejo del cultivo.

La práctica empresarial se realizó en cuatro fincas pertenecientes a la empresa Banaexport S.A.S, ubicada en Apartadó – Antioquia, durante el periodo de Septiembre (2022) – Marzo (2023). El objetivo fue Realizar diagnósticos poblacionales productivos, nutricionales y pruebas de amarre de racimos en las fincas bananeras de la empresa, con el fin de mejorar el rendimiento de fruta. Para el diagnóstico poblacional se seleccionaron sitios mediante muestreo y se midieron las variables: circunferencia del pseudotallo (CP) como una medida del vigor de las plantas, altura del hijo a la parición (AHP), altura del hijo a la cosecha (AHC), número de manos por racimo (NM), área foliar por planta (AFP) plantas lentas y sincronización. El contenido nutricional representado en macroelementos y microelementos, se determinó mediante análisis foliar. Para el amarre de racimos se evaluaron dos calibres de hilo fique manila. Los resultados del diagnóstico poblacional indican variación entre fincas, en la que la finca Velero estuvo en el rango ideal esperado en relación con las variables CP, NM, AHC y AF; las fincas Piragua, Fragata y semillero estuvieron en el rango ideal solo en AF, ninguna de las cuatro fincas alcanzó el rango ideal en sincronización. En cuanto al estado nutricional se encontraron niveles normales de potasio en las cuatro fincas; niveles normales de fósforo solo se observaron en las fincas Piragua y Semillero, niveles normales de calcio solo en las fincas Velero y Fragata y, nivel normal de magnesio en la finca Semillero. Las cuatro fincas presentaron bajos niveles de nitrógeno y azufre. En cuanto a microelementos, las todas las fincas presentaron deficiencia de boro y simultáneamente niveles altos de fósforo. El amarre con hilo fique manila de mayor calibre presentó una eficiencia de 73%, mientras que el de menor calibre de 0%.

Rice (Oryza sativa L), is a monocot belonging to the poaceae family. Worldwide, it is one of the most important crops in the agricultural sector as it is the staple food for more than half of the population, being one of the four most cultivated cereals in the world. The objective of the business practice was to establish and manage growth and yield evaluation experiments of six rice varieties in the experimental center La Victoria de Fedearroz in Montería. The study was carried out under a randomized complete block design with four replications and two treatments (Planting times). The varieties evaluated were: Fedearroz 2000, Fedearroz Clearfield IBIS, Fedearroz 70, Fedearroz 67, Fedearroz 68 and Fedearroz 2020, in order to know which one or which have better agronomic performance and yield, by monitoring and collecting data on the variables: Phenological phases of the plant, performance components, and evaluation of biotic damage by diseases. The results show that the variety Fedearroz 68 presented a superior yield to the other materials in all the sowing seasons, registering the highest yield, with values of 7.16 tons, surpassing the other evaluated materials.

Al finalizar el presente trabajo en la estación experimental la Victoria de Fedearroz, se puede concluir: Las especies evaluadas presentan similitud en cuanto a la morfología y el ciclo de vida del arroz comercial, destacándose que Echinochloa colona, no presenta aurículas ni ligua; Ischaemum rugosum, muestra una lígula larga con vellosidad, pero no presenta aurículas y la especie Oryza sativa (arroz maleza) presenta lígula larga y aurículas en la base de la lámina de la hoja, muy similar a la planta de arroz comercial. El inicio de macollamiento en todas las especies evaluadas, se presenta alrededor de los 12 a 14 días, lo que las hace muy competitivas con el cultivo, lo que amerita realizar controles en época de postemprana, entre los 6 a 12 días después de la emergencia del arroz y cuando las arvenses tengan máximo dos hojas formadas. El arroz maleza o arroz rojo, se puede diferenciar de las plantas de arroz comercial, ya que estas presentan mayor tamaño de la lámina foliar y color verde pálido, a causa de su poca exigencia a la fertilidad del suelo, lo que les permite ser más competitivas en diferentes ambientes adversos. Para un adecuado manejo de estas especies es necesario conocer sus características morfológicas y fenológicas, con el fin de establecer planes o estrategias de manejo integrado sin afectar el medio ambiente y disminuir los costos de producción del cultivo de arroz.

This business practice was carried out in the milling company Arrocera Propaddy S.A.S., which was established as a formal company since July 17, 2014, starting its commercial activities on June 7, 2017, located in the municipality of San Marcos, Sucre, and has been dedicated to providing the service of milling rice in the husk or paddy rice. The aim was to supervise and monitor the operating people, in the processes of execution of tasks assigned for the processing of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.), in order to implement improvements in their functions and efficiency. With the development of the activities carried out, it was possible to implement several strategies that allowed; (1) increase the efficiency of the entry of cargo vehicles, (2) reduce and / or avoid failures during processing that could affect the production of white grain and (3) carry out a maintenance stock system in the company. It is concluded that the accompaniment and assistance has been fundamental to train the operators in the post-harvest method and processing of the raw material and it is recommended to link qualified personnel to supervise the work in the mill.

Se realizó un ensayo en las plantaciones de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) de la empresa Palmas de Mahates S.A.S., ubicada en el municipio de Mahates perteneciente al departamento de Bolívar, con la finalidad de mejorar las técnicas de cosecha del fruto de palma de aceite en la empresa. Se seleccionaron lotes con características similares y se etiquetaron 10 operarios donde cada operario estaba conformado por una pareja de cosechadores; cada pareja fue seleccionada al azar y se le realizó seguimiento durante dos días a cada una. Durante el ensayo se evaluaron dos métodos de entrada al lote denominados método vertical y horizontal con respecto al cable vía. Se tuvo en cuenta variables como el tiempo de desayuno, tiempo de aperado animal, tiempo de entrada y salida del lote, tiempo de llenado de mallas, tiempo de almuerzo y tiempo de trabajo neto. Adicionalmente, se analizó el tiempo promedio de trabajo por operador (pareja), número de hectáreas recorridas, número de mallas y peso de las mallas. Así como también se midió la productividad de los diferentes lotes de la empresa. Cada una de las variables mencionadas anteriormente fueron tomadas con el software CyberTracker realizando dos medidas por pareja y luego se exportaron a Microsoft Excel donde fueron analizadas. Durante el análisis se encontró que el tiempo no productivo representa el 36.33% del total de trabajo realizado por los operarios y que se invierte un 2,39% en labores como el desayuno, tiempo que no es aprovechado por la empresa. Por otro lado, el método horizontal presentó superioridad con respecto al método vertical en todas las variables analizadas. Adicionalmente, se evidenció que la productividad entre los operarios varia por lo que se estableció un sistema de cálculo para generar la sana competencia entre los trabajadores durante el pago por la cosecha realizada. Finalmente, se encontró que de los 31 lotes estudiados el 22,6% presentó una productividad mala según el censo de producción realizada por la empresa.

The academic practice was carried out, at the business group BANAEXPORT S.A. A company dedicated to the production of export-type quality, bananas, in the municipality of Carepa Antioquia, in which a series of activities were developed, within which, all the tasks corresponding to good agricultural practices, which were applied, within the plantation, were contemplated. The main activity carried out during the development of the practice, was the constant monitoring of the measurement activities, and of the fruit in the field. We also worked on the diagnosis of fruit population strength, with which, we intended, to obtain more information, on the right spatial distribution, and optimal conditions for the crop, batch by batch. Last but not least, constant monitoring was carried out, on the pests with the most economic importance, for the plantation, such as the hairy worm (Ceramidea viridis) and spider mite (Tetranychus sp), and diseases such as Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Sigatoka black (Mycosphaerella fijiensis).

For decades there has been evidence of an incipient participation of women in agriculture, however, there are new studies that highlight an important contribution of female communities in the production of rice and basic grains in some countries of the region (Muriel,2013; Twyman, Muriel and García,2015); thus, this work was carried out with a non-probabilistic intentional sample by convenience of women rice farmers during the second semester of the year 2022. The purpose of the business practice was to evaluate the role of women and their contributions in the rice farming process, based on the experience of territorial governance in the humid Caribbean. The results indicate that 74.3% of the women surveyed contribute half or all of their economic earnings to the family economy, which allows them to make autonomous decisions at home and in their rice-growing activity, in the same way as men, who in these territories are generally considered the head of the family and the bastions of the family's provisions and direction. In the research process developed, the deficient support of the financial sector to this guild was evidenced, which may be related to the social, competitive and risk preferences on the part of the bank, preventing, in addition, the improvement of the cultivation conditions. Likewise, the women farmers' attachment to their territory and the commitment with which they assume their daily and business tasks as rice producers were confirmed.

The accompaniment was carried out through the Secretary of Economic and Agroindustrial Development (SDEA), which is one of the most important secretaries in the government of Córdoba. It mainly consisted on knowledge transference, accompaniment and technical assistance in regard the cultivation of industrial cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) aimed to producers of the ASOAGROCHIMA agricultor association of the municipality of Chima located in Córdoba in order to employ this species as a feeding alternative for cattle, as well as the most suitable way to prepare the land recommended for it. For this case a deep disc plow and a ridge were used for correct soil preparation and for undergrowth control were recommended to use highly selectivity herbicides to stimulate cassava cultivation and also take advantage of its residuals in the soil in order to maintains a total control of undergrowths during the first month of crop. For an adequate control of pests and diseases it was checked that they were below the threshold of economic damage, due to the fact that cassava is a fairly resistant material, sometimes the 99% of the pests or diseases do not reach a threshold of the damages or economical losses in which the application of chemical products becomes necessary. Due to the cost of these products in most cases is greater than the possible economic losses found by an affectation of any pest or pathogen the aim is to flavor a good productivity for the use of the tuber and the foliage employment as an alternative for cattle feeding.

Colombia, in the palm sector, has 68 palm farms that group more than 6,000 producers with 133 strategic productive alliances between small, medium and large scale palm growers, in 4 palm areas, which are present in 161 municipalities in 22 departments. The present work entitled Support in technical assistance in oil palm cultivation (elaeis guineensis), under strategic and productive alliances located in the municipality of Maria la Baja, Bolívar, had as objectives to support the technical group in providing the technical assistance service in the different palm plantations that are under the partnership model mentioned above, to know the yields of the different tasks that are carried out in the crop and also to offer trainings on relevant topics of good agricultural practices typical of the crop in order to improve the plantations and quality of life of the associates. With the technical assistance visits, it was observed that this partnership scheme has made it possible to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, generating employment and activating the economy in the municipality.

This practice was carried out in the Urabá Antioqueño, exactly on the farm the palm tree belonging to the company Pacuare SA, the objective was to accompany the evaluations to increase the efficiency of cultural work in the management of banana cultivation, since a high index was presented of rejection for improper technical handling. Therefore, monthly training was carried out by the set of operators, where the correct way to perform it was determined, in order to give a complete feedback of the established standard procedures generating a constant alignment in each work to obtain a product of excellent quality and minimum rejection. With the format of work evaluations that the company has, it was evaluated by lot (random sampling) of 20 plants, where it determined everything related to the technical maintenance appropriate to the crop, such as: reseeding, physiologically healthy plants, defoliation protection seeking to preserve the maximum foliar area ensuring production; clearing that consists in eliminating unproductive plants while preserving the production unit (three generations); bag to protect the cluster of microorganisms and insects and internationally authorized chemical controls; desmane, which is to leave hands productive and of better quality; unbalance, which is the technique of removing the pet to prevent cluster malformation. In addition, this evaluation was compared with the results of fruit waste (shrinkage) where the percentage of field scar was taken into account with the objective that these defects were caused by the workers, as a result of lots 32, 22, 12, 19, 52 with higher losses coincided with the evaluations of the work format, therefore these operators were continuously monitored. Finally, it is concluded that with this information and follow-up, better results were obtained

En la Gobernación de Córdoba actualmente los mayores pilares para el desarrollo son la producción agrícola y pecuaria, entre las principales cadenas productivas del departamento se encuentran las cadenas productivas de cacao, plátano, tuberosas, hortalizas, marañón, oleaginosas, bobinas, ovinas, apícola, entre otras. Las cuales tienen gran representación en la economía del departamento y cada vez crece más el apoyo a estas cadenas productivas por parte del departamento y de instituciones como son AGROSAVIA, CVS, ICA, FEDEARROZ Y UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA entre otras.

This degree work is called Technical assistance in oil palm crops (E. guineensis jacq) under the modality of strategic alliances in the municipality of María la Baja Bolívar. Its general objective was to provide technical assistance to the strategic alliance model in the cultivation of oil palm of the company hacienda las flores S.A located in María la Baja (BOL). The purpose of the technical assistance in the alliance model was to provide support to the operational coordinator in all technical activities that are required for the fulfillment of the main goals of the project and the correct operation of the alliance; provide training and advice to farmers in the cultural tasks of the crop that is the object of the strategic alliance; Carry out periodic technical assistance visits to each of the lots of the beneficiaries, among others. Moreover, it was possible to identify as a result of the technical assistance that the model of strategic alliances in the cultivation of oil palm in the municipality of María la Baja (Bol), has allowed to improve the quality of life of the inhabitants, generating employment and activating the economy with the help of an integrating entity which has managed resources, strengthened the relationship between banks and palm growers.

The palm sector, in Colombia, has been presented as one of the most important activities, in terms of national agricultural development. This crop is characterized by efficiency in the production of palm oil; however, in recent years it has been seriously affected by Bud Rot (PC), a disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora, a pathogen of the genus Oomycete, and is the most serious condition that has occurred in the crop, even causing the loss of entire oil palm plantations. In the present research under the modality of business practices, an approach oriented in the management of CP as a disease and physiological problem is established through technical assistance in the plantations of small producers, analyzing the affected lots and inspecting possible anomalies that would allow to obtain conclusions for the development of the crop and subsequent recommendations to the management of the so-called conditioning or predisposing agents of the illness. Likewise, a census of healthy, sick, dead palms and empty spaces was carried out in the plantation of the Hacienda Aguas Blancas, located in the municipality of María la Baja, using the georeferencing tools: CyberTracker and QGIS. This census was carried out in 6 different blocks (A, B, C, D, E, F), specifying each of its lots (A1 – An). As a result, it was obtained that lots A2, B4, C3, D2, E1 and F1, presented a greater affectation by Bud Rot; achieving an efficiency in the identification and registration of affected plants of 10 ha / day per operator, under optimal environmental conditions and weed level