Envíos recientes

Se evaluó el efecto antimicrobiano de películas comestibles sobre la supervivencia de microorganismos patógenos y deterioradores en queso costeño. Se realizó análisis microbiológico a los quesos recubiertos con las películas comestibles con y sin nisina, y se almacenaron a 10 y 30°C de 24 a 48 horas. Los resultados fueron analizados en el software esradístico R Core y para el análisis no parametrico factorial 2. Se realizó un análisis de varianza (Anova) no paramétrico, demostrándose que existían diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, con una mayor efectividad sobre Staphylococcus aureus y mesófilos aerobios 10°C.

The bovine mastitis can be classified into clinical and subclinical, according to presence or absence of clinical signs. In both cases there is an increase of somatic cells (SC) being higher for clinical mastitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subclinical mastitis on physical and chemical milk components in dual purpose systems (DP). Using a nonprobabilistic sampling in six DP livestock enterprises in Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia), a cross-sectional study was implemented. By California mastitis test (CMT) were selected quarters evaluated as CMT 3 to take samples, and quarters evaluated as CMT 0, in the same cow, for control. The samples were collected aseptically and were kept refrigerated until processing. The physicochemical analysis was determined by Biolac 60 equipment. The determination of casein was done by spectrophotometry, and SC count by an optical and portable cell counter. The evaluation of the physicochemical variables and SC count were grouped into four phases (0-2 months, 2-4 months, 4-6 months and more of 6 months of lactation). Milk with cell count less than 250,000 was defined as without subclinical mastitis and with subclinical mastitis when cell count was greater than or equal to 250,000 SC/mL. The averages for total protein for milk with high and low SC counts were 2.93 ± 0.13 and 3.12 ± 0.13, respectively. For fat percentage, averages were 3.36 ± 0.29 for high count milks SC and 3.70 ± 0.46 for milk with low count of SC. Overall, milk with high counts of SC, the chemicals components decreased significantly (P 0.05) compared to the low count of cells.

The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of leptospirosis in rural areas of Ciénaga de Oro, Córdoba, Colombia, a convenience sampling was carried out on 13 farms. The sample size was 325 reproductive age cows, 11 canine samples, and 20 humans. The samples were subjected to MAT analysis with 11 serogroups of Leptospira interrogans sensu lato. Once the MAT results were received, urine samples were collected from 78 cows, along with 39 water samples, for bacteriological cultures and PCR for the 16S rRNA gene in L. interrogans sensu lato. Positive PCR samples were sequenced to determine the possible genome species. The leptospirosis seroprevalence was 74.5% in the cattle, 70.0% in the dogs, and 45.5% in the humans. Although isolation was not achieved, L. interrogans sensu lato was detected by PCR in three urine samples and in a sample of wastewater. The sequencing confirmed the circulation of pathogenic species. The high prevalence of antibodies for L. interrogans sensu lato and the molecular evidence led to the inference that the rural areas of Ciénaga de Oro are endemic and that cattle can act as renal carriers and contaminate water sources, which increases the risk of contracting leptospirosis.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the casuistry of visceral leishmaniasis in children under five years old from the municipality of San Andres de Sotavento in the department of Cordoba, Colombia. In particular, to relate the cases registered with the variables of age, sex, race, origin, physical status, treatment, hematologic evaluations and predisposing causes for presentation. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study. The analysis unit corresponded to the archives of the Secretariat of Health of Cordoba, which recorded a population of 278 medical records of patients with leishmaniasis in the study area. The sample consisted of 70 medical records of childrens under five years old with visceral leishmaniasis. The data collection was achieved through the use of chips adapted to the objectives of the study. Results: The study highlights the increased commitment to the group of 12 years, with 45.71% of the cases, 55.75% of predominance of males, and 94.29% of significance of the Indian race. The body condition of infected infants as a whole was assessed as fair and poor. The origin of children was related to the communities of Cerro Los Vidales, Tuchín, Guayacan, El Contento, Las Gardenias and Los Castillos. The evaluation of the treatment administered showed great desertion (85.71%) in the completion of the cycles. Hematic evaluations showed hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelet decreased, and increasing of the speed of sedimentation. The observations of the white cell count showed non normal white blood cell count greater than 80% for leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes with moderate to monocytes, and minimum to basophils and eosinophils counts. Predisposing conditions for the presentation of visceral leishmaniasis were interesting, reported by the children responsible for a history of visceral leishmaniasis in the villages (71.4%), and family history (60.0%). The keeping of dogs as epidemiological risk factor is evidenced by the coexistence with the same (77.1%) in the home and report cases of the disease in the animal species. Conclusion: Leishmaniasis is considered a reemerging disease, and a growing public health problem worldwide, due to increased number of people affected as a result of increased exposure of humans to disease vectors.

The objective of this study was to to establish clinics and epidemiologic features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the treatment response in soldiers of the Tenth Brigade of the army in Monteria. A prospective study of cases sinc October from the 2001 to October of the 2002, was carry out, in which clinical compatible histories of leshmaniasis were analyzed in the Tenth First Brigade. 67 consecutive soldiers whom had been clinically diagnostic of leishmaniasis by the physician were included, all of them gave their consent to participate in the study. Through out a survey applied to each patient enrolled, clinical and epidemiologic data were obtained. Furthermore, from the clinical histories were obtained the information about: number and place of wounds, treatment response, following, control and prevention measures. A frecuency of cases of leishmaniasis cutaneous of the 2,3% was found. The study showed that some zone of the department of Cordoba are endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis ehich can represent high risk for the military personnel to acquire the illness. The work besides showed that it is necessary to implement preventive measured, and strictly supervision of the chemotherpy received by the soldiers.

En este trabajo se determinó el recuento de coliformes totales, hongos y Sthaphylococcus en suero costeño vendido en expendios en la ciudad de Montería en 2010, se valoró el estado higiénico de los puntos de venta y se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal mediante un diseño aleatorio simple (MAS) que exigió la utilización de 21 muestras con tres repeticiones para un total de 63 muestras de suero analizadas en 21 expendios para una confiabilidad del estudio del 95%. Los resultados mostraron una contaminación del 100 % para coliformes totales, hongos y Sthaphylococus coagulasa positiva. La valoración de la ubicación de los expendios, las condiciones higiénicas de la planta física y la formación relacionada con salubridad de los expendedores muestran la incidencia de los resultados como factores epidemiológicos de importancia para la contaminación de este alimento. El estudio permite recomendar la coordinación de políticas investigativas entre la Universidad pública y el Sector Salud, con miras a minimizar las posibilidades de contaminación del producto objeto del presente estudio.

Una limitante en los sistemas de producción de leche es la mastitis bovina. El objetivo fue determinar la producción de enterotoxinas A, B, C y D en cepas de S. aureus aisladas de casos de mastitis bovina en sistemas doble propósito en Córdoba (Colombia). Se obtuvieron 25 cepas de una bacterioteca existente. La identificación se realizó por crecimiento en diferentes medios de cultivo mediante pruebas bioquímicas. Se confirmó la identificación como S. aureus utilizando PCR para la detección del gen nuc. Se evaluó la susceptibilidad antibacteriana y la producción de enterotoxinas mediante un sistema de aglutinación pasiva reversa en latex. Las 25 cepas fueron clasificadas como S. aureus, ya que mostraron resultados positivos en las pruebas implementadas. Todas fueron sensibles a MRSA y en un S. aureus se evidenció la producción de enterotoxina C.

In Latin America, Colombia is in the third place in the consumption of pesticides, keeping in mind that Cordoba is a department which economy is based on the agriculture and ranching. This investigation aims to describe the occupational pesticide exposure, organophosphates, organochlorines, pyrethroids and carbamates, used in cotton growing in the Valley of Middle Sinu in Colombia.It was used a descriptive cross-sectional study, with non-probability snowball sampling, and Acetylcholinesterase levels were determined in blood samples from study participants (187 employees). Also, a structured survey and a medical examination to determine possible complications was applied. According to the analysis of the results, age range with the highest number was 35 to 45 years (28.8%), the 52.41% are linked to the General System of Social Security in Health, trades sprayer and harvester commonly practiced with 62.3% and 31 55% respectively, about 90.37% showed normal levels of acetylcholinesterase, whereas 9.63% showed levels below normal (probably due to overexposure). It was concluded that no matter the time, the process of poisoning may occur in acute or chronic way, the inhibition of cholinesterase is common , but there is no consistent relationship between this and the clinical status of the patient.

Objective: To identify the social factors associated with the informal agricultural workers’ health in Monteria. Methods: Descriptive study which involves 100 agricultural workers who were selected using the simple random sampling technique per household. The quantitative data collection was done through surveys and focus groups. Confidence intervals of 95%, a maximum error of 0.07 and a probability of success of 0.2 were assumed. Results: The average age range of agricultural workers ranged from 18 to 87 years old, 90% of them are linked to the sector as laborers and only 1% is insured by the contributory Social Security System in Health. 20% of agricultural workers are illiterate, 24% did not finish the elementary school and 97% have no personal protective equipment to perform the activities of the field. Seven out of ten workers suffer morbidity related to occupational activity and six out of ten were injured in the last year. Most of them are disappointed because working conditions affect their health, and they cannot overcome themselves because their educational conditions and social opportunities do not allow them to do other activities. Conclusion: The poor working conditions and the workers’ dissatisfaction are an important group of social factors that explain the backwardness of the rural population in health and social welfare.

Introduction: monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis is a symptom free condition characterized by the circulation of small clonal population of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood (less than 5x109/L) expressing an immunophenotype similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Different studies based on big hospital series have manifested a higher risk in subjects with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis to progress to a chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The behavior of this hematologic entity is unknown therefore its frequency in sporadic chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient relatives was determined. Methods: transversal descriptive study, 8 color flow cytometry was performed using two of the tubes of the Euro Flow recommended panel, with modifications, for the diagnose of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of B lymphocytes; besides, a fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed. univariate and bivariate analyses of the information were performed. Results: monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis frequency found in 51 analyzed relatives was 2%, it was a female participant, 59 years old, with a total leukocyte count of 7.7x109/L and a B lymphocyte count of 0.124x109/L; from these, 0.04x109/L were clonal cells with restrictions of the kappa light chain. Rearrangements of the IGH gene (14q32) were found. Conclusion: monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis was detected in one relative of a patient with sporadic chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a frequency similar to the one reported in general population.

Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis of global distribution and is one of the causes of hemorrhagic fevers in the tropics. We sought to determine seroprevalence in humans and animals and isolate Leptospira interrogans sensu lato in domestic animals, rodents, and water sources. The study was conducted in a tropical area of the middle Sinú in Cordoba, Colombia. In a prospective descriptive study,we collected blood and urine from pigs and dogs, sera from rural human workers, sera and kidney macerates of rodents, and water samples from environmental sources. We used microagglutination to screen for antibodies to 13 serovars. Strains were cultured on the Ellinghausen–McCullough–Johnson–Harris medium and confirmed by PCR amplifying lipL32 gene. Seroprevalence was 55.9 % in pigs, 35.2 % in dogs, and 75.8 % in humans; no antibody was detected, and no Leptospira were isolated from kidney macerates of rodents. Seven L. interrogans sensu lato strains were isolated: three from pigs, two from dogs, and two from water. High seroprevalence in pigs, dogs, and humans, concomitant to isolation of strains, demonstrates that in Cordoba, transmission exists among animals, the environment, and humans, which warrants the implementation of public health intervention measures to reduce the epidemiological impact of leptospirosis in the region.

Introducción: la linfocitosis monoclonal de células B es una condición que se caracteriza por tener menos de 5x109/L células B clonales en la sangre periférica, en ausencia de signos clínicos o síntomas de un trastorno linfoproliferativo crónico de células B. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados en bases de datos multidisciplinarias y específicas de las áreas de la salud como Pubmed, Ovid, Science Direct, SciELO, Scopus y Embase; se emplearon términos relacionados con el tema como Monoclonal B lymphocytosis, Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, con su contraparte en español; además se incluyeron algunos capítulos de libros. Se seleccionaron los artículos que cumplían con criterios de calidad metodológica y de contenido. Resultados: diferentes estudios basados en grandes series hospitalarias de linfocitosis monoclonal de células B, han puesto de manifiesto un riesgo más elevado de los sujetos con la entidad de progresar a leucemia linfocítica crónica. Algunos investigadores afirman que la mayoría de las personas con linfocitosis monoclonal de células B tipo leucemia linfocítica crónica no desarrollarán enfermedad progresiva en un período de cinco años aproximadamente, el 75 % estará vivo con un recuento de linfocitos estable y entre el 1 y 4 % por año desarrollará progresivamente una enfermedad que requiere tratamiento. Conclusiones: existe gran variedad en la prevalencia de linfocitosis monoclonal de células B, dependiente en gran medida de las características de la población examinada y de los métodos de detección utilizados para su identificación. Los factores de riesgo que determinan el paso de linfocitosis monoclonal de células B a leucemia linfocítica crónica están aún por determinarse; sin embargo, diversos estudios han reportado que la edad, el sexo, los antecedentes familiares de leucemia linfocítica crónica, la presencia de algunos polimorfismos de nucleótido simple y marcadores como ZAP 70, CD38 y CD49d, podrían estar relacionados con el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. Sin embargo, hasta ahora el factor mejor definido de progresión es el recuento absoluto de células B.

Problema: en Colombia hay pocos informes sobre paludismo grave, en especial producidos bajo protocolos bien sustentados. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de pacientes del Hospital San Jerónimo (HSJ), de Montería, en 2009-2010, e identificar y cuantificar los síndromes clínicos graves. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, de todos los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de paludismo. Resultados: hubo 126 pacientes con paludismo en el HSJ; 74% fueron remitidos de municipios circunvecinos; Plasmodium vivax causó 60% de los casos; 54% fueron mujeres (29 de 68 embarazadas, es decir, con malaria gestacional); fueron pacientes jóvenes (23.3 ± 19.3 años); el promedio de evolución de su paludismo actual fue cuatro a cinco días; la parasitemia promedio al ingresar al HSJ fue 13 628 ± 26 790 parásitos/microlitro. La triada clásica de fiebre, escalofrío y cefalea se encuentra en al menos dos de cada tres pacientes al ingresar. El promedio de la hemoglobina indica anemia moderada. Los 126 pacientes aportaron 194 eventos de complicaciones. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron (porcentaje sobre 126 enfermos): trombocitopenia 76%; anemia (<7 g/dL de hemoglobina) 17%; falla renal 10%; falla hepática 10%; complicación cerebral (fiebre + convulsiones, sin coma: siete casos; fiebre + convulsiones + coma: un caso) 6%; cinco casos fueron por P. vivax, dos por P. falciparum y uno por ambas especies (mixta); falla de dos a tres sistemas 11%. Conclusiones: se requiere adelantar estudios en Colombia sobre malaria grave que evalúen de manera integral los pacientes, con protocolos bien definidos, y que comparen criterios diagnósticos de gravedad y pautas de tratamiento para poder elaborar una norma autóctona sobre la materia.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans that may result in severe hemorrhagic, hepatic/renal and pulmonary disease. There are 20 known Leptospira species and hundreds of serovars, some of which belong to different species. It is essential to identify pathogenic Leptospira serovars and their potential reservoirs to prepare adequate control strategies. Objective: To characterize the Leptospira serovars isolated from rodents, dogs, pigs and water samples in Colombia. Materials and methods: Leptospira organisms were isolated and cultured, and pathogenic strains were identified using a polymerase chain-reaction (PCR). Leptospira DNA and Salmonella Braenderup H9812 (molecular weight standard) DNA were cleaved using NotI and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The PFGE patterns were analyzed based on bacterial strain-typing criteria and Dice coefficients (DCs) between these isolates and over 200 Leptospira organisms isolated from other parts of the world. Results: All of the isolates were pathogenic strains, and five were genetically characterized. The P275 (84% DC) and P282 (95% DC) pig isolates were related to the Leptospira interrogans Pomona serovar; the I15 (DC: 100%) rat isolate was identical to the Leptospira interrogans Icterohameorrhagiae or Copenhageni serovars, while the C67 (64% DC) dog and A42 (60% DC) water isolates were not related (< 73.7% DC) to any of the 200 reference serovars; the closest serovars were the Leptospira noguchii Nicaragua and Orleans serovars, respectively. Conclusion: This was the first molecular characterization of Colombian Leptospira spp isolates; these isolates will be used to develop a Colombian diagnostic panel.

This article analyzes the opportunities and achievements of agricultural workers in a rural area of Monteria and its implications in the structure, size and composition of the household, in the context of macroeconomic public policy. It’s a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 100 workers selected by simple random sampling participated. Survey, focus groups and participant observation were the techniques to collect the information. Confidence intervals of 95% were assumed, a maximum error of 0.07 and a probability of success of 0.2. The results refer to the age range of the population of working age which was between 18 to 87 years of age, from which 87% are male and 13% female. Absolute illiteracy stood at 20% and 29% households are formed by 7-12 people. 90% of the population lack permanent employment and 97% earn less than the minimum wage. The ineffectiveness of public policies and the model based on open international trade, limit the choices of people to