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La mastitis es la inflamación de las glándulas mamarias, como respuesta para neutralizar agentes infecciosos y retornar a la función normal. Esta respuesta inflamatoria afecta la síntesis de los diferentes componentes, lo que reduce la calidad de la leche. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica de la leche cruda de tanques y la sanidad de las ubres, en 15 empresas del sistema doble propósito, en Montería (Córdoba), escogidas por muestreo no probabilístico y un estudio transversal. Se recolectó una muestra de leche de tanque en cada una de las empresas involucradas en el estudio. Se determinó densidad, porcentajes de acidez, proteína, lactosa, mesófilos, recuento de células somáticas y la prevalencia de la mastitis, por medio de la prueba del CMT. Por extrapolación, se calcularon las pérdidas económicas. El análisis estadístico, se realizó mediante el programa SAS. Los valores fisicoquímicos, se encontraron dentro de los valores normales. El recuento de mesófilos fue de 160.347 ± 213.354 Ufc/mL y el de células somáticas de 345.133 ± 302.241 CS/mL. En todas las empresas, la prevalencia de la mastitis varió desde el 13,8% hasta el 74,7%. Se encontró regresión lineal entre la prevalencia de la mastitis y el recuento de células somáticas (R2=0,867). En siete de estas empresas, el recuento de células somáticas fue mayor a 250.000 CS/mL, lo cual, amerita la implementación inmediata de programas de prevención y de control de la mastitis bovina.

The bovine mastitis can be classified into clinical and subclinical, according to presence or absence of clinical signs. In both cases there is an increase of somatic cells (SC) being higher for clinical mastitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subclinical mastitis on physical and chemical milk components in dual purpose systems (DP). Using a nonprobabilistic sampling in six DP livestock enterprises in Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia), a cross-sectional study was implemented. By California mastitis test (CMT) were selected quarters evaluated as CMT 3 to take samples, and quarters evaluated as CMT 0, in the same cow, for control. The samples were collected aseptically and were kept refrigerated until processing. The physicochemical analysis was determined by Biolac 60 equipment. The determination of casein was done by spectrophotometry, and SC count by an optical and portable cell counter. The evaluation of the physicochemical variables and SC count were grouped into four phases (0-2 months, 2-4 months, 4-6 months and more of 6 months of lactation). Milk with cell count less than 250,000 was defined as without subclinical mastitis and with subclinical mastitis when cell count was greater than or equal to 250,000 SC/mL. The averages for total protein for milk with high and low SC counts were 2.93 ± 0.13 and 3.12 ± 0.13, respectively. For fat percentage, averages were 3.36 ± 0.29 for high count milks SC and 3.70 ± 0.46 for milk with low count of SC. Overall, milk with high counts of SC, the chemicals components decreased significantly (P 0.05) compared to the low count of cells.

Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis of global distribution and is one of the causes of hemorrhagic fevers in the tropics. We sought to determine seroprevalence in humans and animals and isolate Leptospira interrogans sensu lato in domestic animals, rodents, and water sources. The study was conducted in a tropical area of the middle Sinú in Cordoba, Colombia. In a prospective descriptive study,we collected blood and urine from pigs and dogs, sera from rural human workers, sera and kidney macerates of rodents, and water samples from environmental sources. We used microagglutination to screen for antibodies to 13 serovars. Strains were cultured on the Ellinghausen–McCullough–Johnson–Harris medium and confirmed by PCR amplifying lipL32 gene. Seroprevalence was 55.9 % in pigs, 35.2 % in dogs, and 75.8 % in humans; no antibody was detected, and no Leptospira were isolated from kidney macerates of rodents. Seven L. interrogans sensu lato strains were isolated: three from pigs, two from dogs, and two from water. High seroprevalence in pigs, dogs, and humans, concomitant to isolation of strains, demonstrates that in Cordoba, transmission exists among animals, the environment, and humans, which warrants the implementation of public health intervention measures to reduce the epidemiological impact of leptospirosis in the region.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans that may result in severe hemorrhagic, hepatic/renal and pulmonary disease. There are 20 known Leptospira species and hundreds of serovars, some of which belong to different species. It is essential to identify pathogenic Leptospira serovars and their potential reservoirs to prepare adequate control strategies. Objective: To characterize the Leptospira serovars isolated from rodents, dogs, pigs and water samples in Colombia. Materials and methods: Leptospira organisms were isolated and cultured, and pathogenic strains were identified using a polymerase chain-reaction (PCR). Leptospira DNA and Salmonella Braenderup H9812 (molecular weight standard) DNA were cleaved using NotI and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The PFGE patterns were analyzed based on bacterial strain-typing criteria and Dice coefficients (DCs) between these isolates and over 200 Leptospira organisms isolated from other parts of the world. Results: All of the isolates were pathogenic strains, and five were genetically characterized. The P275 (84% DC) and P282 (95% DC) pig isolates were related to the Leptospira interrogans Pomona serovar; the I15 (DC: 100%) rat isolate was identical to the Leptospira interrogans Icterohameorrhagiae or Copenhageni serovars, while the C67 (64% DC) dog and A42 (60% DC) water isolates were not related (< 73.7% DC) to any of the 200 reference serovars; the closest serovars were the Leptospira noguchii Nicaragua and Orleans serovars, respectively. Conclusion: This was the first molecular characterization of Colombian Leptospira spp isolates; these isolates will be used to develop a Colombian diagnostic panel.

RESUMEN: La leptospirosis es una zoonosis reemergente de distribución mundial causada por espiroquetas patógenas del género Leptospira. Ha sido catalogada como una enfermedad ocupacional; su presentación está relacionada con una serie de factores epidemiológicos que resaltan la presencia de animales portadores (roedores, caninos) y la calidad del agua entre otros. El objetivo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra L. interrogans (sensu lato) en caninos semidomésticos del área urbana de Sincelejo, Sucre. Mediante un diseño no probabilístico de conveniencia, se escogieron tres comunas con el mayor número de caninos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre de 61 caninos, que se identificaron, posteriormente se obtuvo el suero y se implementó la prueba de la microaglutinación (MAT) con 11 serogrupos y 14 serovares. La seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra L. interrogans (sensu lato) fue del 54,10%. El 9,84% de los caninos presentaron títulos bajos, el 8,19% títulos moderados, el 13,11% títulos altos y el 22,95% títulos muy altos. No se presentaron diferencias significativas entre las serorreactividades cuando se compararon por sexo, edad y raza. El serovar Grippotyphosa fue el que presentó la mayor frecuencia (47,54%) seguido del serovar Canicola (26,23%) y del serovar Pomona (18,03%). Estos resultados sugieren que estos caninos semidomésticos evaluados, han exhibido infecciones asintomáticas con diferentes serovares de L. interrogans (sensu lato) y se constituyen en hospederos y portadores renales, convirtiéndose en un riesgo potencial en salud pública.