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El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la criopreservación de semen de dorada Brycon sinuensis con dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO), dimetilacetamida (DMA) o etilenglicol (EG) a dos porcentajes de inclusión (5 o 10%); para lo cual se indujeron 12 machos con 5 mg extracto hipofisario de carpa por Kg de peso y seis horas después el semen fue colectado en tubos Falcón de 20 ml. El semen fue diluido (1:4) en la solución crioprotectora compuesta por glucosa 6%, yema de huevo 12% y DMSO o DMA o EG a dos porcentajes de inclusión (5 o 10%); luego fue empacado en pajillas de 2.5 mL y congelado en vapores de nitrógeno líquido (NL) durante 30 minutos y posteriormente almacenadas en NL en termos de 34 L. El semen fue descongelado por inmersión directa en baño serológico a 35°C durante 60 segundos. La calidad del semen fresco, precongelado y descongelado fue evaluada con la ayuda del software Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA, Microptic, España) y un microscopio de contraste de fase (Nikon E55, Japón) mediante la movilidad total, tipos de movilidad (rápida, media, lenta), espermatozoides inmóviles, velocidades (lineal y curvilínea), progresividad total y concentración espermática. Además, en el semen descongelado, se evaluaron los daños en membrana espermática (D-Mem), en mitocondria (D-Mit) y fragmentación de DNA (F-DNA) mediante citometría de flujo (Citómetros FACS CANTO II, BD Biosciences San José, CA y LSR 2 FORTESSA) (BD Biosciences San José, CA). El semen fresco presentó alta movilidad total (97.07.0%); mientras que en semen precongelado (82.517.9%) y descongelado (45.413.6%) fue mayor cuando fue tratado con DMSO10% (p<0.05). En semen descongelado los D-Mem oscilaron entre 62.118.8% (DMA 5%) y 49.89.8% (DMSO 5%), los D-Mit oscilaron entre 59.414.8% (DMA 5%) y 83.44.2% (DMSO 10%) y F-DNA oscilaron entre 9.5±14.0% (EG10%) y 1.6±0.2% (DMA10%) sin observarse diferencia estadística entre estos valores (p>0.05). Los resultados del presente estudio permiten concluir que DMSO incluido a 5 o 10%, registró mejor calidad del semen descongelado al compararlo con los obtenidos con DMA y EG; sin embargo, la capacidad fecundante del semen criopreservado con esta solución crioprotectora (DMSO 5 o 10%, yema de huevo 12% y glucosa 6%) debe ser evaluada mediante pruebas de fertilidad y eclosión.

Six Sigmas is a widely recognized methodology for increasing the quality levels of production processes in goods and services business. Despite its popularity, some goods and services business in Colombia seldom use it as a tool to improve their quality. This study used Six Sigmas to determine the quality level of the packaging process of pre-cooked corn flour in SOBERANA. Six Sigmas includes five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. This Project followed the first three phases only based on data from SOBERANAs’ verification tables from January to August 2020. Measurements yielded a 3.44 Sigmas value for the packaging process, suggesting that SOBERANAs packaging is a controlled process. Main non-conformities were low weight, vertical unit sealing, incomplete coding, among other. However, this result also shows the need for improvement and standardization actions of the packaging process so as to allow SOBERANA reach a higher quality target, minimizing production costs. Indeed, just by applying the three firs phases the packaging process increased from 3.005 to 3.44. This gives added value to our study and analysis because it provided SOBERANA with a wider perspective on the quality of its processes and how to design improvement plans.

Unveil the meaning of the lived experience of a group of women who survived severe pre-eclampsia. Materials and Method A qualitative study with a hermeneuticinterpretative phenomenological approach was carried out. Results. In this study, four vital spaces were identified where the lived experiences of a group of women who survived severe pre-eclampsia can be recreated and embodied. The first of these is the prenatal consultation or the emergency consultation, a space where they unexpectedly receive the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia; the second is the referral process, marked by uncertainty and anguishing wait; the third is to enter the operating room to get rid of her and take her away from her son, whose life is even more important than hers; the fourth, and last, is to be in the intensive care unit, where they feel that their life is hanging by a thread and that they must fight to survive. Conclusions. By reconstructing the lived experience of these women, the impact of the diagnosis and the transit through different scenarios that recreate environments full of uncertainty and emotional suffering can be evidenced. The experience of having presented severe pre-eclampsia motivated the majority of participants to resignify their reproductive future, since the danger of pre-eclampsia was recognized due to the consequences that, in the medium and long term, they can present in their obstetric history.

Colombia's history is marked by violence generated by groups outside the law (paramilitaries, guerrillas, criminal gangs, etc.) These have caused great damage to the civilian and military population; as well as in higher level educational centers in the country. Within this context, the case of the University of Córdoba is taken, which was a victim of the phenomenon of the armed conflict, being one of the public institutions of the Colombian Caribbean that has been most 8 submerged in the time of terror. In it, the network of corruption and patronage of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), a paramilitary group that took over the facilities of the Alma mater of the Cordobans, is detailed. The irruption of the AUC in the University of Córdoba is evident in the imposition of directors, eliminating opponents (students, teachers and officials) in order to keep their economic resources. These actions show the violation of human rights. During this period there were constant violations of human rights, where fear took over the institution to break with legal security.

Analyze the epidemiological behavior of prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the department of Córdoba during the period 2015-2019. Methodology. Analytical-descriptive, epidemiological study, with a quantitative approach; The reference population was made up of the total number of records of cases registered in the database of the Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Department of Córdoba in the defined period, so no sample or sampling was required. For the statistical analysis of the data, the IBM Statistical Software, SPSS, was used in which the univariate analysis (descriptive statistics) and multivariate analysis (correlational analysis) were developed using Pearson's Chisquare and Cramer's V tests. Results. Most of the STI cases have occurred in the subsidized regime, with particular participation HIV AIDS (68.9%), gestational syphilis (22.8%) and in the uninsured poor population HIV/AIDS (45,1%) and gestational syphilis (37.8%). An association was identified between the patient's work occupation with the follow-up and final classification of the case, as well as with the age and date of initiation of the symptoms, starting from 2017, the trend is a clear increase in percentages between 3% and 5% between year and anus; the Cramer's V test (0.661) that the intensity or strength of the association between age and the most probable mode of transmission is high Conclusions. The Sexually Transmitted Infections with the highest prevalence in the Department of Córdoba are, in order of prevalence, HIV / AIDS, gestational syphilis, congenital syphilis and hepatitis. Such predominance may be due perhaps to being subject to mandatory epidemiological surveillance; the other STIs of interest are not listed in the databases.

The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of management strategies implemented in the control of maternal mortality in the department of Cordoba, period 2010- 2015, the strategies implemented were identified, the impact was described and it was materialized strategies as proposal for the control of preventable maternal deaths according to the results. It is presented below a descriptive, retrospective, with quality-quantitative approach study , the 2 researchers and 6 participants, representatives of public bodies health, invited to answer the instrument designed (Matrix quali-quantitative) were included, in order to assess their concept on strategies they included management implemented, effective and impact, to make proposal on strategies that would control preventable maternal deaths. It can be seen that the effectiveness of different strategies ranged from 41% of the strategy: Monitoring and control of process-induced demand for Health Promotion Companies and 50% obtained by the strategy: coordination and articulation for analysis cases of maternal mortality, this last one is related to the Committees of Epidemiological surveillance and focused on prevention through monitoring of extreme maternal morbidity, the department has been achieved through these strategies lower the indicator but the probability of maternal death remains double that in other parts of the country and 7.5 times higher than in developing countries. It can be said that strategies are well founded, they have defined some of they in the world and they have helped to control maternal deaths, but the effectiveness depends on the management, control and monitoring made by the direct responsible for implementing them.

El trabajo caracteriza termomagnéticamente un sistema ferrimagnético y otro ferromagnético de espines S = 5/2 y Q=7/2, en una con guración de red cuadrada, mediante un modelo de Ising mixto y a través del método computacional Monte Carlo. Se tienen en cuenta interacciones a primeros y segundos vecinos en la red, campos cristalino y magnético externo. Se encuentran fenómenos físicos interesantes tales como transiciones de fase discontinuas, temperaturas críticas y temperaturas de compensación, mediante el cálculo de diagramas de fase a temperatura fi nita de la magnetización, energía, calor específi co y susceptibilidad magnética.

The purpose of this intervention proposal is to determine the posible cause and effects on the peperwork or managemet during the care for the hospitalization of patients whit mental health effects and with it the inmpairment of their mental health and with it the implementation of actions to improve the health and quality of life of the individual, your family group or caregivers. This in order to generate an impacto n all the actors in charge of the provision and management of the health service for the hospitalization of the patient whit mental disorders. 6 steps and 19 methodological points are adopted for logical framework development; which allow the analysis, the identification of which or factors that intervene in the provision of an adequate health service in mental patients, focused on the administrative field. The objective of this proposal is to evaluate the needs for improvement actions for mental health care aimed at reducing the paperwork for the hospitalization of psychiatric patients in Colombia, normatively oriented in public mental health policies through the following framework methodology logical. The proposal made seeks to evaluate and thereby implement strategies that allow awareness and timely Access from the administrative and care point of view to patients whit mental disorders in order to guarantee an adequate provision of the service as established in the General System of Social Security in Health (SGSSS).

The Mojana region is located on the Colombian Caribbean coast and is one of the most important ecosystems in our country and one of the most biodiverse on the planet, but it has also been one of the regions most impacted by gold mining activities, receiving the great discharge of pollutants from these actions. The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations of total arsenic (As-T) and total lead (Pb-T) using atomic absorption spectroscopy, in the muscle of fish species with high consumption and commercial interest in four municipalities of La Mojana (Caimito, Guaranda, San Benito and San Marcos) and evaluate the potential risk to the health of consumers. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of As-T and PbT in all species were below the maximum permissible limit (MPL) established by national and international regulations (1.0 mg/kg for As and 0.3-0.4mg/kg for Pb). In the municipality of Guaranda, the fish species were obtained from the Cauca River and were those that registered the highest concentrations of both metals. The yellow mojarra (Caquetaia kraussi) registered the highest concentration of As-T (159.79 ± 107.85 μg/kg) and Pb-T (50.41 ± 51.79 μg/kg) among all species. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Potential Risk (HQ), Total Potential Risk (THQ), Maximum Allowable Fish Consumption Rate (CRlim), Carcinogenic Risk (CR), and Metal Contamination Index (MPI) were evaluated and suggest that there is no risk to the population when consuming these species of fish in any of the four municipalities.

Through the present bibliographic review, the influence that assertive communication has within organizations in the continuous improvement of activities in the area of health and safety at work that involves all processes in companies was studied during the last five years. In which, its incidence is closely related to the leadership that the personnel in charge of SST may or may not have, taking into account that in a large number of organizations in Colombia a sufficiently effective safety culture is not yet ingrained to allow the achievement of of zero harm. Consequently, security is still seen as an expense due to the apparent intangible benefits, without going beyond the true positive impact that is based on its implementation, this situation causes some leaders to consider it as an unflattering discipline and not focus their efforts in its management and on the contrary focus only on production, although the development of its productive activities is far from what is considered a safe and healthy job. Thus, motivation plays a fundamental role so that the human talent of a company is aligned with the achievement of organizational objectives and policies and assertive communication and teamwork are determining values within the principles that every leader should root in his work methodology.

Dengue has become a disease of interest in Public Health, the most important arbovirus of all time due to the socioeconomic burden it produces and the number of cases that are reported daily. To date, an effective vaccine has not been created for its cure or prevention, today it is known that safe practices at home and in the community to control its main vector, Aedes Aegypti, are the only effective way to prevent it since it may be present in containers resulting from human activity, among other factors. that favor its appearance such as climate change and sanitary conditions Objective: To determine the factors that act as facilitators and barriers in the adoption of daily preventive practices of dengue in families from Montería, Córdoba. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study, with a sample of187 individuals from Montería who suffered from dengue or a member of their family. The data were obtained through structured surveys through home visits and telephone calls. Results: a large percentage of individuals have good knowledge about dengue and how to prevent it, but risk behaviors persist, community participation to carry out preventive activities is very deficient, as well as the support, monitoring, evaluation and control by the authorities in the execution of dengue prevention campaigns or activities. Conclusions: more barriers were found than facilitators, which is why more regular interventions are necessary by the entities in charge of health education and strategies related to behavioral change.

The equine eye can be examined with simple portable equipment. To make an adequate diagnosis it is necessary to know the macroscopic and ultrasound anatomy of the orbit, the ocular globule and peri-ocular structures of the horses. In Colombia, no studies have been found that describe the anatomical variants of the ocular system, nor the biometric parameters of equines, so in this work a macroscopic description of the anatomical variants was made, some ultrasound biometric parameters were reported and the Frequency of lesions of the ocular and peri-ocular structures in a population of dairy horses in the department of Córdoba. An observational descriptive study was carried out in 100 eyes of cowherd horses of different breeds from the department of Córdoba selected for convenience, which underwent an ophthalmological examination under field conditions, recording the variations found in the eyeball and attached structures. as well as the injuries present. Additionally, a descriptive study of ocular biometry was carried out. The animals sampled were mainly of the Colombian Criollo breed (29/50; 58%) and Apaloosa (17/50; 34%), between 2 and 10 years old (35/50; 70%), and mostly female (32 / 50; 64%). Lesions were found in 44% (22/50) of the animals and 38% (38/100) of the eyes evaluated. Eyelid dermatitis and the injected conjunctiva were the most common lesions, with a frequency of 11.3% each. The biometric values obtained were: anterior chamber 0.68 ± 0.08 cm, lens width 2.00 ± 0.16 cm, lens length 1.11 ± 0.09 cm, glass chamber 1.80 ± 0.15 cm, axial length of the eyeball 3.91 ± 0.28cm. A difference between sexes was observed for measurements of the width of the lens and the axial length of the eyeball. This is the first prospective study of ocular lesions in dairy horses to be carried out in Colombia, and the first ultrasound ocular biometry report in dairy horses to be carried out in equines from Colombia. It was found that, although mild, many of the animals dedicated to dairy farming present alterations of ocular or peri ocular structures. Regarding ocular biometry, differences were found in measurements of the anterior chamber, the vitreous chamber and the axial length of the globe with respect to that reported by other authors.

La innovación educativa juega un papel fundamental en los procesos de transformación de la educación, que se han venido impulsando desde numerosos ámbitos, incorporando cambios y mejoras en los materiales, metodologías, herramientas y ambientes de aprendizaje. Promover la innovación en el ámbito educativo se ha convertido en una prioridad de la agenda pública de numerosos sistemas educativos, y una respuesta frente a los problemas de la educación (Cobo, 2015), entre ellos la necesidad de integrar las áreas del currículo y fomentar la interpretación y solución de problemas reales del contexto educativo, involucrando a los estudiantes en el proceso. Sin embargo, innovar en educación requiere superar numerosas dificultades que van más allá de las brechas tecnológicas . Como lo señala Imbernon (1996) muchas de estas dificultades residen en la falta de modelos de gestión que permitan a las instituciones desarrollar una cultura de la innovación enfocada en las prácticas educativas y su talento humano.

This monograph entitled: Occupational stress of health care personnel and the occurrence of preventable adverse events during the provision of the health service, set out to document the relationship between the occupational stress of health care personnel and the occurrence of preventable unfavorable events during the provision of the health service. The type of study was a scientific, descriptive, research monograph. Documents among books, databases, articles, journals, consulted reports and web records of official sites that deal with the investigated subject were taken as the reference population. It was developed in two phases: one heuristic and the other hermeneutic. The most relevant results that were reached were the following: Most of the scientific documentation on the influence of work stress in the life of the human being, agrees that one of the main factors that generates said stress is the work overload in the health workers, this is even more pronounced in this time of pandemic. The stressful environment to which health workers are exposed generates stress that has a direct effect on their work performance and therefore on the quality of patient care, since this situation can lead to the presence of adverse events, and finally, the most prevalent aspects associated with the appearance of unfavorable events in health care, especially in this time of pandemic, are: inadequate medical equipment, long working hours, exposure to dangerous substances and infectious pathogens, quality of patient care by the health entity where he works, among others. The auditors recommended that health institutions strengthen national policies aimed at counteracting work stress in health workers. In the same way, focus as one of its main actions, guidance mechanisms for health personnel, in such a way that it allows them to adequately handle all the stressors of their profession; thereby facilitating quality care. Finally, generate a Quality Improvement policy, applied to adverse events in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The objective of this thesis is to understand the tensions between the prescribed curriculum and carried out in the area of Social Sciences in basic and secondary education of the San Francisco de Asís de Fe y Alegría Educational Institution, in the municipality of Ciénaga de Oro, Córdoba , approached from a qualitative approach, of a hermeneutic type, with a case study method, taking the institution's faculty as a population. For the homogeneous, intentional non-probabilistic sample, the school directors and teachers with assignment in the area in basic and middle school were selected. Primary and secondary sources were used, with techniques such as direct and participant observation, biographical and structured interviews, and documentary analysis. The results are based on the description of the structure and purpose of the three reference documents of the National Ministry of Education as part of the curricular policy between 2002 and 2018 for the area of Social Sciences. On the other hand, the identification of the internal dynamics of school organization reveals the disarticulation of the internal planning processes in the area, the scarcity of resources and materials in the institution and the sectorized work of the teaching group. Finally, delving into the teaching practices of teachers reveals their individual potentials and the interest in starting a stage of reflection and improvement of the teaching and learning processes in the classroom. Keywords: curricul

In this research, our purpose is to analyze the incidence of discontinuous texts for improving students' reading comprehension of social science topics in secondary school (i.e., 10th and 11th degrees) at Los Nogales Educational Institution, in Monteria, Cordoba. In order to accomplish the purpose of this research, we’ve adopted the qualitative method called action research approach. So, we aim at deconstructing and reconstructing the teaching-learning processes from a theoretical-practical insight that concludes in a pedagogical proposal from the didactic sequences and its evaluation form to surveillance the processes in future interventions, from the levels of reading comprehension in line with cognitive processes and its influence in contributing to the academic performance, not only in the social science field, but also in other areas that require discontinuous texts.

The purpose of this study is to develop a resignification in the educational praxis of the Spanish language that favors the communicative reading competence in elementary school students, from the systematization of teaching experiences of the Antonio de la Torre y Miranda de Lorica Educational Institution - Córdoba. The work has a qualitative approach and is framed within the case study design with a sample of 3 elementary school teachers. The research techniques were non-participant observation, narrative documentation and the focus group. The results obtained were able to establish the characterization of the teaching experiences in the teaching of reading and its incidence in the development of the reading competence of elementary school students, based on these data, analyzes and reflections are given that show the development of good teaching practices and from where categories such as: ICT, Image reading, Artistic languages, Life stories, Playfulness, Metacognitive development and Literacy development emerge, which provides lines for a methodological proposal of intervention in educational praxis of Spanish Language in all the basic primary for the development of the competence in study