Montaño Castañeda, Mary CeciliaCeballos Peña, Clarena del Carmen2022-02-092022-02-092022-02-02https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/4809For several years there has been a favourable trend towards the consumption of fruits and vegetables, boosting the economy of the countries that produce these foods, which must guarantee good quality products and a sufficient and continuous supply of them. To obtain good products and avoid the loss of their crops due to the attack of pests, farmers have used conventional pesticides for a long time, which are very harmful substances, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), for these reasons it has been necessary seek new strategies to reduce their use or replace them, and more friendly solutions for the environment and for the health of farmers and consumers, and they must be equally effective in pest management; the use of the insects sex pheromones to control insect behaviour being one of them. Colombia is a country that markets a variety of foods nationally and internationally, and must guarantee a good quality of its products. Some of the crops of great agricultural interest in our country belong to the Cucurbitaceae family, which are widely distributed in the national territory. In the Colombian Caribbean region, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), melon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) crops are very important for their use as a food source. These crops are exposed to the attack of some insects, such as lepidoptera, and despite the fact that their control has been done predominantly using conventional insecticides, the demands in the new markets encourage the search for new alternatives in our country, which must be friendly to the environment and help reduce the residuality of these pesticides, improve the competitiveness of products and move towards cleaner production. This document compiles some general information about the most interesting cucurbit crops in the department of Cordoba and the Colombian Caribbean region, the main lepidoptera pests that attack these crops and their sex pheromones, as well as the ease of obtaining these compounds. by organic synthesis, and the potential they have to be used in traps that help control these same insects1 RESUMEN -------------------------------------------12 ABSTRACT -------------------------------23 INTRODUCCIÓN -----------------------44 OBJETIVOS ------------------65 MARCO TEÓRICO ------------------------75.1 Generalidades de la familia Cucurbitaceae-------------------- 75.2 Importancia económica, química y medicinal de algunas cucurbitáceas........... 95.3 Cultivos de cucurbitáceas de interés agrícola en Córdoba y el Caribe colombiano ------------- 125.4 Plagas que afectan las Cucurbitáceas ---------------------------195.4.1 Principales lepidópteros que afectan los cultivos de cucurbitáceas de interés---------------- 225.4.1.1 Insectos lepidópteros. --------------225.4.1.1.1 Algunas técnicas de control para lepidópteros. --------------------235.5 Principales plagas de lepidópteros de las cucurbitáceas --------------------265.5.1 Gusano del melón (Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus) -------------------265.5.2 Barrenador del pepino (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll) ------------------275.5.3 Gusano barrenador de la calabaza (Melittia cucurbitae Harris) ----------------285.5.4 Gusano medidor de la soya (Trichoplusia ni Hübner) --------------------------305.5.5 Gusano trozador negro (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel) -----------------315.6 Feromonas---------------- 335.6.1 Feromonas sexuales de lepidópteros---------------- 345.6.1.1 Feromonas sexuales de los principales lepidópteros de las cucurbitáceas en Colombia 365.7 Principales estrategias sintéticas para obtener feromonas sexuales de lepidópteros -----------------415.7.1 Síntesis de feromonas------------------ 415.7.2 Estrategias de formación de dobles enlaces carbono-carbono----------------------------- 435.7.2.1 Reacción de Wittig. -------------------435.7.2.2 Reducción de triples enlaces. ------------------------445.7.2.3 Reacciones de eliminación.--------------------- 455.7.3 Síntesis de las feromonas sexuales de los principales lepidópteros que atacan las cucurbitáceas -------------475.7.3.1 Síntesis de los componentes principales de la feromona sexual de Diaphania hyalinata y Diaphania nitidalis. -----------475.7.3.1.1 Síntesis de (E)-11-hexadecenal (1) y (E)-11-hexadecenol (3) -----------------475.7.3.1.2 Síntesis de (E,E)-10,12 -hexadecadienal (2) y (E,Z)-10,12 -hexadecadienal (5)-------------- 505.7.3.2 Síntesis de los componentes de la feromona sexual de Trichoplusia ni y Agrotis ipsilon --------------565.7.3.3 Síntesis de los componentes de la feromona sexual de Melittia cucurbitae -------------------605.7.3.3.1 Síntesis del acetato de (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienilo (11) y del acetato de (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienilo (12) ---------------605.8 Uso de feromonas sintéticas de lepidópteros en trampas ------------------------646 CONCLUSIONES ------------------717 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ----------------------73application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2022Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)FeromonasSíntesisLepidópterosCucurbitáceasPheromonesSynthesisLepidopteraCucurbits