Pardo Pérez, EnriqueBegambre Hernández, Mauricio2022-07-252023-07-252022-07-252022-07-25https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/6162Sweet guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fruit tree of the Myrthaceae family with a wide distribution in tropical and subtropical areas, it is of great commercial interest due to its fruits with a pleasant flavor and high nutritional value. Due to its economic importance and its autochthonous condition in the department of Córdoba-Colombia, three populations of P. guajava corresponding to the municipalities of Sahagún, Tierralta and Cereté were characterized by microsatellite-type molecular markers (SSR). Of the twelve markers evaluated, seven were polymorphic and presented a total of 44 alleles distributed in three populations. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was variable in the territories, finding the markers mPgCIR07 and mPgCIR20 as highly informative. The heterozygosity observed was 0.179, 0.081 and 0.555 for Sahagún, Tierralta and Cereté, respectively. The coefficient of differentiation between populations has an average of FST = 0.271 and a percentage of interpopulation variation of 7%, these results were reflected in the Bayesian clustering with DeltaK = 3 as the most probable number of genetic groups and in the differential distribution of the three populations in the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Cereté was characterized by a high genetic diversity as a result of the high family agricultural activity and productivity of this species in the soils of the present municipality, while the guava populations of the municipalities of Tierralta and Sahagún presented high inbreeding and a high interpopulation genetic differentiation was found, probably attributed to little interest in its production.RESUMEN............................................................................................................ 13ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... 141. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................... 152. MARCO REFERENCIAL ................................................................................ 182.1. ANTECEDENTES ...................................................................................... 182.2. MARCO TEÓRICO ..................................................................................... 212.2.1. LA GUAYABA DULCE Psidium guajava L. ........................................... 212.2.1.1. Taxonomía ..................................................................................... 212.2.1.2. Origen y distribución....................................................................... 222.2.1.3. Descripción botánica ...................................................................... 222.2.1.4. Importancia económica y social ..................................................... 232.2.1.5. Diversidad genética de la guayaba dulce ....................................... 242.2.2. DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA .................................................................... 252.2.2.1. Parámetros de Medición de la Diversidad Genética ....................... 262.2.2.2. Factores que influencian la diversidad genética: ............................ 272.2.3. ESTRUCTURA POBLACIONAL ........................................................... 292.2.3.1. Parámetros de estructura poblacional de Wright ............................ 292.2.3.2. Flujo genético ................................................................................. 302.2.3.3. Análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA) ....................................... 302.2.3.4. Inferencia bayesiana de la estructura genética poblacional ............ 302.2.4. DISTANCIAS GENÉTICAS .................................................................. 312.2.4.1. Distancia genética de Nei ............................................................... 312.2.4.2. Dendrogramas ............................................................................... 312.2.5. MARCADORES MOLECULARES TIPO MICROSATÉLITES ............... 313. OBJETIVOS ..................................................................................................... 333.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL ................................................................................ 333.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS....................................................................... 334. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ............................................................................. 344.1. ÁREA DE ESTUDIO Y TOMA DE MUESTRAS .......................................... 344.2. FASE DE LABORATORIO ......................................................................... 354.2.2. AMPLIFICACIÓN DE MICROSATÉLITES POR PCR ........................... 364.2.3. DETECCIÓN DE POLIMORFISMOS ................................................... 374.3. ANÁLISIS DE DATOS ................................................................................ 384.3.1. ANÁLISIS DE DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA.............................................. 384.3.2. ANÁLISIS DE ESTRUCTURA POBLACIONAL Y DISTANCIAS GENÉTICAS .................................................................................................. 385. RESULTADOS ................................................................................................. 395.1. AMPLIFICACIÓN DE LOS MARCADORES MICROSATÉLITES ................ 395.2. DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA .......................................................................... 395.2.1. NÚMERO DE ALELOS (NA) Y PATRONES ALÉLICOS ....................... 395.2.2. CONTENIDO DE INFORMACIÓN POLIMÓRFICA (PIC) ..................... 415.2.3. HETEROCIGOSIDAD OBSERVADA (HO) Y HETEROCIGOSIDAD ESPERADA (HE) ............................................................................................ 425.2.4. ÍNDICE DE FIJACIÓN (F)..................................................................... 425.2.5. EQUILIBRIO DE HARDY-WEINBERG (EHW) ....................................... 425.3. ESTRUCTURA POBLACIONAL ................................................................. 445.3.1. ESTADÍSTICOS F DE WRIGHT ........................................................... 445.3.2. FLUJO GENÉTICO .............................................................................. 445.3.3. ANÁLISIS JERÁRQUICO DE VARIANZA MOLECULAR (AMOVA) ..... 455.3.4. ANÁLISIS BAYESIANO DE LA ESTRUCTURA POBLACIONAL ......... 465.4. DISTANCIAS GENÉTICAS......................................................................... 475.4.1. DISTANCIA GENÉTICA DE NEI (1987) ............................................... 475.4.2. ANÁLISIS DE COORDENADAS PRINCIPALES (PCoA) ...................... 486. DISCUSIÓN ...................................................................................................... 497. CONCLUSIÓN .................................................................................................. 538. RECOMENDACIONES ..................................................................................... 549. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS .................................................................. 5510. ANEXOS ......................................................................................................... 62application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2022Trabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Psidium guajavaDiversidad genéticaMarcadores microsatélitesCórdoba – ColombiaPsidium guajavaGenetic diversityMicrosatellite markersCórdoba - Colombia