Rodríguez Páez, Luis AlfonsoSegura Tirado, Juan Camilo2022-01-172022-01-172021-12-16https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/4756The present study, Determine the genetic load in dual-purpose livestock by means of QTL's genes in bull populations of the Montes de Maria region of the Bolívar department. It uses a quantitative methodology, the study focuses on scientific experimentation from a sampling of five localities: San Juan Nepomuceno 12 individuals, San Jacinto 10 individuals, Córdoba 10 individuals, El Guamo 10 individuals, Zambrano 24 individuals which presented a management of genetic selection by morphometric criteria and whose livestock present a known genealogy. In the result obtained, it is found that the bulls with the codes GU002, GU003, GU007, GU008 and GU010 from the municipality of Guamo, CO002, CO003, CO004, CO006 and CO008 from the municipality of Córdoba, ZN014, ZN021 and ZN024 from the municipality of Zambrano , SJ001, SJ002, SJ004, SJ005, SJ006 and SJ009 from San Jacinto, SJN002, SJN006, SJN010 and SJN012 from the municipality of San Juan Nepomuceno do not contain the QTL's genes for Meat and for milk in the proportions and minimum quantities necessary, if the intention is to seek a dual purpose livestock for the region.Dedicatoria .......................................................................................................................4Agradecimientos ...............................................................................................................5Resumen ......................................................................................................................... 10Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 11Introducción ................................................................................................................... 121. Objetivos ................................................................................................................ 141.1. Objetivo general .......................................................................................................................141.2. Objetivos específicos ................................................................................................................142. Marco teórico ........................................................................................................ 152.1. Antecedentes.............................................................................................................................152.2. Ganadería bovina en Montes de María .....................................................................................162.2.1. Social ............................................................................................................................162.2.2. Ambiental ....................................................................................................................172.2.3. Ganadero .....................................................................................................................182.3. Producción de carne y leche: Aspectos genéticos y moleculares. .............................................202.4. Secuenciación de genomas .......................................................................................................252.4.1. Secuenciación Sanger..................................................................................................262.4.2. Las tecnologías de la nueva generación (NGS) .........................................................272.4.3. SOLiD ..........................................................................................................................302.4.4. Ion Torrent ..................................................................................................................322.4.5. Helicos BioSciences .....................................................................................................332.5. Herramientas Bioinformáticas para la producción bovina ........................................................352.5.1. BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) ...............................................................352.6. Chromas....................................................................................................................................362.7. 4peaks .......................................................................................................................................363. Materiales y métodos ............................................................................................. 373.1. Toma de muestra ......................................................................................................................373.2. Extracción de ADN...................................................................................................................383.3. Amplificación de marcadores moleculares ...............................................................................393.3.1. Secuenciación ..............................................................................................................403.4. Análisis bioinformático.............................................................................................................404. Resultados.............................................................................................................. 414.1. Evaluación de metodologías de extracción de ADN. ................................................................414.2. Amplificación de marcadores moleculares mediante PCR (Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa) .........................................................................................................................................434.3. Blast (basic local alignment search tool)...................................................................................504.4. Chromas y 4peaks .....................................................................................................................514.5. GENBANK NCBI (national center for biotechnology information): ........................................515. Discusión ................................................................................................................ 526. Conclusiones .......................................................................................................... 557. Recomendaciones................................................................................................... 568. Referencias bibliográficas...................................................................................... 58application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2021Trabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)GenéticaGenes QTL'sBioinformáticaGanado bovinoGeneticsQTL's genesBioinformaticBeef cattle