Marrugo Negrete, José LuisSalas Moreno, Manuel HamintonCaicedo Rivas, Gabriel Antonio2023-03-012023-03-012023-03-01https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/7292The Atrato-Colombia river basin is one of the areas of greatest gold production in the country; gold mining in the rivers and soils has caused contamination with toxic elements. The concentrations of the heavy metals mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were evaluated in fish and vegetables most consumed by the riverside inhabitants of the middle basin of the Atrato river; these persistent contaminants represent a danger for various species of animals and plants, due to their bioaccumulative and biomagnifiable capacity, which becomes a risk for public health. A total of 154 samples of different vegetables and 440 fish samples were analyzed; the concentrations in fish were in the following order: Hg, As, Pb and Cd; in vegetables there were As, Hg, Cd and Pb. The results showed high concentrations of Hg in fish especially carnivorous fish (1008.0±552.7 µg kg-1 ), in vegetables higher concentrations of As were observed (60.84±107.8 mg kg). The risk assessment determined elevated concentrations of THg, MeHg and As. There is carcinogenic risk due to long As exposures from fish consumption in Ageniosus pardalis (Doncella), Rhamdia quelen (Barbudo), Leporinus muyscorum (Liseta), Hypostomus hondae (Guacuco), Prochilodus magdalenae (bocachico), Ctenolucius beani (Agujeta), Hoplias malabaricus (Quicharo), Trachelyopterus fisheri (Caga), Sternopygus aequilabiatus (Beringo), Caquetaia umbrifera (Mojarra negra), Astyanax fasciatus (Sardina), Caquetaia kraussii (Mojarra amarilla), Geophagus Pellegrini (Mojarra copetona); However, for As and Pb in vegetables this risk was absent. The average concentrations in fish and vegetables exceeded the maximum permissible limit of (Codex, 1995; E.U., 2016). The high concentrations of THg, MeHg and As in some food species of the middle basin of the Atrato river, allows the present study to make a call for the construction of possible consumption alternatives, due to possible risks to public health in the area.RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................... 1ASBTRAC ....................................................................................................................... 21. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................... 142. OBJETIVOS.............................................................................................................. 173. MARCO TEORICO Y ANTECEDENTES .................................................................. 18Antecedentes.......................................................................................................... 18En la región caribe ..................................................................................................... 20En la región amazonica .............................................................................................. 21En la región andina .................................................................................................... 22En la región pacífica ................................................................................................... 22Contaminación ambiental y su origen antropogénico ............................................ 23Minería ................................................................................................................... 26Metales pesados ................................................................................................... 27Bioacumulación y biomagnificación de los metales pesados en peces y vegetales ......... 30Toxicidad de metales pesados (Hg, As, Pb y Cd) en la salud humana producto del consumo de peces y vegetales .................................................................................. 31Seguridad alimentaria ............................................................................................ 32Toxicología analitica .............................................................................................. 334. METODOLOGÍA........................................................................................................ 34Area de estudio ..................................................................................................... 34Cuenca media del atrato ........................................................................................... 34Recoleccion de los datos ....................................................................................... 36Peces ..................................................................................................................... 36Vegetales ................................................................................................................ 36Análisis de metales pesados y MeHg .................................................................... 37Evaluación de riesgo para la salud humana .......................................................... 38Calculo de la ingesta diaria estimada .................................................................... 38Evaluación del riesgo no cancerígeno ................................................................... 39Evaluación del riesgo cancerígeno para (As y Pb) ................................................ 40Riesgo estimado para metilmercurio ..................................................................... 41Índice de contaminación por metil mercurio ........................................................... 42Tratamiento estadístico .......................................................................................... 425. RESULTADOS.......................................................................................................... 43Concentración de metales pesados, As, MeHg en peces, frutas y verduras ......... 43Especies de peces, frutas y verduras mas consumidas en la cuenca media del rio atrato ...................................................................................................................... 51Determinación de riesgo a la salud por el consumo de peces, frutas y verduras .. 51Exposición humana y evaluación en la salud, asociada al consumo de peces y vegetales ............................................................................................................... 52Riesgo no carcinogenico ....................................................................................... 53Riesgo carcinogénico ............................................................................................ 54Evaluación de riesgo por MeHg en las especies de peces mas consumidas ........ 55Índice por contaminación (diagnostico poblacional)……………………………….... 586. DISCUSIÓN .............................................................................................................. 687. CONCLUSIONES...................................................................................................... 748. REFERENCIAS......................................................................................................... 769. ANEXOS .................................................................................................................. 89application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2023Trabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)ConcentracionesMetales pesadosSalud públicaSeguridad alimentariaToxicidadConcentrationsHeavy metalsPublic healthFood safetyToxicity