Araméndiz Tatis, HermesDíaz Martínez, JailethDíaz Díaz, Max Quever2021-06-302021-06-302021-06-29https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/4217The lack of micronutrients in most foods has caused people to present hidden hunger, therefore, scientific and political entities are looking for alternatives to reduce the number affected. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture together with Haverts Plus have obtained rice cultivars with high zinc content to contribute to the increase of minerals through the biofortification of crops; within the framework of this project, it was proposed to evaluate the agronomic and nutritional behavior of five rice cultivars under irrigation conditions, a transplant method in order to measure the behavior of advanced cultivars, the experiment was established in November 2018 to April 2019 in the experimental area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Córdoba, Colombia located at coordinates 8°47′16″ north latitude and 75°5′28″ west longitude. A randomized complete block design was made with five treatments which corresponded to three cultivars biofortified with zinc (BF14AR021, BF14AR032, BF14AR035) and two controls, one local (CICA4) and one commercial (IR64) for which agronomic characteristics were assessed. , of milling and nutritional quality; Highly significant and significant differences were detected for all variables except in the number of clusters and white center, in terms of zinc content, the biofortified cultivar BF14AR021 obtained the highest value with 23.50 ppm. In addition, phenotypic correlations were made between performance and other response variables; which reflected that 23.07% were revealing at 5 and 1%, these values oscillating between 0.48 and 0.92.ABSTRAC ................................................................................................................................. 21. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................. 32. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA .......................................................................... 53. JUSTIFICACIÓN .............................................................................................................. 74. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA ........................................................................................ 94.1. GENERALIDADES DEL CULTIVO DE ARROZ ................................................... 94.2. CONDICIONES AGROECOLÓGICAS .................................................................... 94.3. FASES DE CRECIMIENTO Y ETAPAS DE DESARROLLO .............................. 104.3.1. Fase Vegetativa. ..................................................................................................... 104.3.2. Fase reproductiva. .................................................................................................. 104.3.3. Fase de madurez fisiológica ................................................................................... 104.4. ESTADÍSTICAS DEL CULTIVO DE ARROZ EN EL MUNDO Y COLOMBIA..114.5. BIOFORTIFICACIÓN.............................................................................................. 134.5.1. Biofortificación agronómica. ................................................................................. 144.5.2. Biofortificación con fitomejoramiento convencional. ........................................... 144.5.3. Biofortificación con ingeniería genética. ............................................................... 144.6. EL ZINC Y SU IMPORTANCIA ............................................................................. 154.6.1. El zinc en las plantas. ............................................................................................. 154.6.2. El zinc en los humanos. ......................................................................................... 154.7. ANTECEDENTES A LA INVESTIGACIÓN ......................................................... 164.7.1. Biofortificación foliar con Zinc y Selenio en arroz. .............................................. 164.7.2. Biofortificación agronómica con zinc (Zn). ........................................................... 164.7.3. Arroz dorado. ......................................................................................................... 175. OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................................... 185.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL ............................................................................................ 185.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS .................................................................................... 186. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ........................................................................................ 196.1. LOCALIZACIÓN ..................................................................................................... 196.2. MATERIAL BIOLÓGICO ....................................................................................... 196.3. DISEÑO EXPERIMENTAL..................................................................................... 206.4. MANEJO AGRONÓMICO ...................................................................................... 206.5. VARIABLES DE RESPUESTA ............................................................................... 226.5.1. Variables agronómicas. .......................................................................................... 226.5.2. Variables de calidad molinera. ............................................................................... 236.5.3. Variables culinaria y nutricional. ........................................................................... 236.6. ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO ...................................................................................... 237. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ..................................................................................... 247.1. VARIABLES AGRONÓMICAS ................................................................................. 247.1.1. Días a floración (DFLOR). .................................................................................... 267.1.2. Días a madurez fisiológica (DMAF)...................................................................... 267.1.3. Días a cosecha (DCOS). ........................................................................................ 277.1.4. Número de macollas (NMA). ................................................................................ 287.1.5. Altura de planta (AL). ............................................................................................ 297.1.6. Longitud de la panícula (LPAN)............................................................................ 297.1.7. Fertilidad de las espiguillas (FERE). ..................................................................... 307.1.8. Manchado del grano (MGR). ................................................................................. 317.1.9. Rendimiento (REND). ........................................................................................... 327.2. VARIABLES DE CALIDAD MOLINERA ................................................................ 357.2.1. Centro blanco (CB). ............................................................................................... 357.2.2. Rendimiento de molinería (RENDMO). ............................................................... 367.2.3. Índice de pilado (IP).............................................................................................. 377.3. VARIABLES DE CALIDAD MOLINERA Y NUTRICIONAL ............................... 387.3.1. Contenido de amilosa (AMY). ............................................................................... 387.3.2. Contenido de zinc (Zn). ......................................................................................... 397.4. CORRELACIONES FENOTÍPICAS ........................................................................... 408. CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................................... 44BIBLIOGRAFÍA ..................................................................................................................... 44ANEXOS ................................................................................................................................. 57application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2021Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Hambre ocultaBiofortificaciónCaracterísticas agronómicasContenido de zincHidden hungerBiofortificationAgronomic characteristicsZinc content