Paternina Uribe, Roberth de JesúsMontiel Murillo, Senis Beatríz2021-10-122021-10-122021-10-12https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/4667The coronavirus disease outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and early 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus, the main cause of a serious respiratory disease called COVID-19, which is the cause of the current pandemic and which has spread rapidly in the human population. This review brings together the most relevant studies, carried out to date worldwide, which focus on knowing whether air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), is considered a propitious transport agent for the virus, having taking into account that PM is identified as the main environmental cause of disease and premature death in the world, since it has a toxicity capacity that can increase by being able to absorb other substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), its heavy metals so that pathogens as long as they are below the radius of its diameter. Factor that affects the body's immunity, which makes people more vulnerable to contagions, therefore, it is important and crucial to elucidate the role of air pollution particles in the spread of the virus through a technique that is fast, accurate, versatile, easy to use and cost efficient like UV-visible spectroscopy. The method used to carry out this monograph was through a search, collection and bibliographic review of articles and scientific studies, graduate work, books, publications in scientific journals. Finding that there is a positive association between exposure to particulate matter and the presence of the virus. In addition, numerous studies highlight the potential links between exposure to air pollution and the severity of COVID-19, but there are very few investigative reports on the fast, accurate and economically viable diagnostic method such as UV-visible spectroscopy. Finally, according to the research carried out to date, they emphasize the importance of scientific studies to elucidate the role of air pollution particles in the spread of the virus and the performance of a technique for the sensitive and accurate detection of SARS-CoV viruses. -2 in the air.1. RESUMEN----------------------------------------------------------------------------------102. ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------------------------------113. ABREVIATURAS--------------------------------------------------------------------------124. INTRODUCCIÓN-------------------------------------------------------------------------135. OBJETIVOS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------155.1. Objetivo general------------------------------------------------------------------------15Objetivos específicos--------------------------------------------------------------------156. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA------------------------------------------------167. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA---------------------------------------------------178. CAPITULO I: GENERALIDADES DEL MATERIAL PARTICULADO---------188.1. Antecedentes de la calidad del aire y morbilidad en Colombia------------------188.2. Calidad del aire en las principales ciudades del país------------------------------188.3. Material Particulado -------------------------------------------------------------------198.3.1. Fuentes de Emisión del material Particulado -------------------------198.3.2. Partículas Naturales o Biogénicas --------------------------------------198.3.3. Partículas Antropogénicas-----------------------------------------------208.4. Tamaño y Número de Partículas-----------------------------------------------------208.5. Clasificación de material particulado -----------------------------------------------218.5.1. PM2,5 y PM0,1 ------------------------------------------------------------218.5.2. PM10 -----------------------------------------------------------------------218.6. Normativa vigente para el material particulado -----------------------------------228.7. Antecedentes entre calidad del aire y su influencia en la salud de las personas -------238.8. Investigaciones relacionadas con efectos de la contaminación del aire y salud en Colombia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------248.9. Investigaciones relacionadas con el material Particulado (2,5 y 10) y su correlación con, las enfermedades respiratorias -------------------------------------248.9.1. Neumopatía obstructiva crónica (EPOC) ------------------------------248.9.2. Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRA) -------------------------------248.9.3. Accidente cardiovascular ------------------------------------------------258.9.4. Neumonía ------------------------------------------------------------------258.9.5. Cardiopatía isquémica----------------------------------------------------259. CAPITULO II: SÍNDROME RESPIRATORIO AGUDO SEVERO (SARS-COV-2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------269.1. SARS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------269.2. SARS-CoV-2----------------------------------------------------------------------------269.3. COVID-19-------------------------------------------------------------------------------269.3.1. Difusión--------------------------------------------------------------------279.3.2. Síntomas clínicos del SARS-CoV-2------------------------------------279.3.3. Patomecanismo del SARS-CoV-2--------------------------------------2710. CAPÍTULO III: CORRELACIÓN DEL MATERIAL PARTICULADO Y SÍNDROME RESPIRATORIO AGUDO SEVERO (SARS-COV-2) --------------2811. CAPÍTULO IV: TÉCNICAS DE DETECCIÓN DE SARS-COV-2 EN MUESTRAS DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO--------------------------------------3311.1. RT- PCR (Reacción Cuantitativa en Cadena de la Polimerasa en Tiempo Real) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------3411.1.1. ¿Cómo funciona la RT-PCR en tiempo real con el coronavirus? ---3511.2. Test serológico---------------------------------------------------------------- 4011.3. CRISPR-------------------------------------------------------------------------4111.4. Espectrofotometría -----------------------------------------------------------4211.4.1. Principios ------------------------------------------------------------------4211.4.2. Espectrofotometría de absorción UV-visible -------------------------4311.4.3. Regiones de absorción UV-visible-------------------------------------4311.4.4. Ley de Lambert-Beer---------------------------------------------------- 4412. CAPÍTULO V: INFLUENCIA DEL MATERIAL PARTICULADO EN PACIENTES POSITIVOS COVID-19--------------------------------------------------4613. CONCLUSIONES--------------------------------------------------------------------------5014. REFERENCIAS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------51application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2021Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Material ParticuladoSARS-CoV-2COVID-19EspectrofotometríaParticulate MaterialSARS-CoV-2COVID-19Spectrophotometry