Charry Mercado, Roger EnriqueOjeda Arroyo, Andrés Felipe2023-07-172023-07-172023-07-17https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/7445The business practice was developed in Urabá, Antioquia, during the period from February 2022 to August 2022, at the Velero farm of the company Banaexport S.A.S., which is dedicated to the production and export of high-quality bananas (Premium). Banana is one of the most popular and consumed fruits in the world. Banana (Musa AAA) cultivation is an important agricultural activity in many tropical and subtropical regions, as it is a significant source of income and employment for farmers. For Colombian agriculture it is a very important link, since it provides a great contribution to the country's economy. In 2011, this productive system obtained sales of US$700 million, that is, 3% of total exports, equivalent to 7.67% of agricultural GDP and 0.4% of general GDP. The main challenge facing banana cultivation is the presence of diseases, one of the most destructive being "Moko" (Ralstonia solanacearum Race 2). A disease caused by the bacterium (Ralstonia solanacearum race 2), which affects the vascular bundles of the plant and subsequently causes its death. The bacterium spreads mainly through the soil, contaminated irrigation water and the tools used in cultural work. The control of Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum Race 2) implies preventive measures and adequate management for this reason during the practice process, activities related to the integrated management of Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum Race 2) were carried out and strategies such as training were implemented for the operational and administrative staff of the farm. that allowed them to know the importance of preventing the spread of the disease through the use of disinfection of tools and footwear, intense and constant tours to timely identify plants affected by the disease, thus avoiding the risk of spread. The monitoring provided accurate data that allowed comparisons and recommendations to improve efficiency in agronomic management and disease control.INTRODUCCIÓN...................................................................................................................... 171 RESEÑA HISTÓRICA DE LA EMPRESA ..............................................................201.1 MISIÓN.....................................................................................................................................201.2 VISIÓN.......................................................................................................................................202 OBJETIVOS.............................................................................................................................212.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL........................................................................................................212.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS........................................................................................213 MARCO TEÓRICO..............................................................................................................223.1 ORIGEN DEL BANANO (MUSA AAA)....................................................................223.2 DESCRIPCIÓN BOTÁNICA...........................................................................................223.2.1 Sistema radicular...............................................................................................................233.2.2 Rizoma............................................................................................................................243.2.3 Seudotallo.................................................................................................................253.2.4 Hoja...................................................................................................................................253.2.5 Hoja cigarro.................................................................................................................263.2.6 Hijo....................................................................................................................................263.2.7 Inflorescencia.............................................................................................................273.2.8 Pedúnculo....................................................................................................................283.2.9 Racimo............................................................................................................................283.2.10 Raquis.............................................................................................................................283.2.11 Yema masculina.......................................................................................................293.2.12 Fruto.................................................................................................................................293.3 ETAPAS DE CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DEL BANANO (MUSA AAA)......................................................................................................................................................293.3.1 Etapa vegetativa................................................................................................................303.3.2 Etapa reproductiva (etapa vegetativa aparente)................................313.3.3 Etapa productiva.....................................................................................................333.4 ASPECTOS GENERALES DE (Ralstonia Solanacearum Raza 2).........343.4.1 Origen.............................................................................................................................343.4.2 Distribución geográfica de la enfermedad...........................................343.4.3 El Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum Raza 2) en América Latina y el Caribe.............................................................................................................................................353.4.4 El Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum Raza 2) en Colombia..............363.5 ASPECTOS BIOLOGICOS DE (Ralstonia Solanacearum Raza 2)........373.5.1 Clasificación taxonómica.............................................................................................373.5.2 Descripción morfológica....................................................................................373.5.3 Macromorfología de (Ralstonia. solanacearum Raza 2)................373.5.4 Sintomatología del Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum Raza 2).....383.6 ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS (Ralstonia Solanacearum Raza 2).413.6.1 Epidemiología de la enfermedad (Ralstonia Solanacearum Raza 2)..............................................................................................................................................................413.6.2 Transmisión y diseminación............................................................................433.6.3 Sobrevivencia.............................................................................................................433.7 ESTRATEGIAS DE MANEJO Y MEDIDAS FITOSANITARIAS PARA EL CONTROL DE (Ralstonia Solanacearum Raza 2)...................................................453.7.1 Manejo preventivo............................................................................................................453.7.2 Regulatorias................................................................................................................463.7.3 Control biológico.....................................................................................................463.7.4 Uso de variedades resistentes........................................................................464 ACTIVIDADES DESARROLLADAS..........................................................................484.1 CONOCIMIENTO DEL HISTORIAL DE REGISTRO DE LA ENFERMEDAD EN LA FINCA..............................................................................................484.2 RECONOCIMIENTO IN SITU DE LA SITUACIÓN DE LA ENFERMEDAD EN LA FINCA...............................................................................................514.3 CAPACITACIONES.............................................................................................................524.4 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE PLANTAS ENFERMAS...................................................534.4.1 Necrosamiento y atrofiamiento de la hoja bandera (hoja cigarro)...............................................................................................................................................544.4.2 Aparición de un halo amarillo alrededor del borde de las hojas más viejas.........................................................................................................................................544.4.3 Maduración prematura y el agrietamiento de algunos dedos en los racimos................................................................................................................................554.4.4 Amarillamiento y senescencia de las hojas bajeras........................564.4.5 Síntomas en puyones...........................................................................................564.5 PROGRAMACIÓN DE ACTIVIDADES....................................................................584.5.1 Activación de pediluvios.....................................................................................584.5.2 Control de la enfermedad.................................................................................594.5.3 Eliminación de racimos......................................................................................604.5.4 Control de arvenses...............................................................................................604.5.5 Inyección de rebrotes............................................................................................614.5.6 Identificación de área próxima a sembrar.............................................624.5.7 Encalado........................................................................................................................624.5.8 Siembra..........................................................................................................................634.6 RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS........................................................................................645 CONCLUSIONES................................................................................................................666 RECOMENDACIONES....................................................................................................67REFERENCIAS...............................................................................................................................68application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2023Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)MonitorearRalstonia solanacearum raza 2DesinfecciónCuantificarMonitorRalstonia solanacearum race 2DisinfectionQuantify