Unfried Silgado, JimyMontoya Berrío, Julián EstebanNegrete Martínez, Juan De Dios2023-02-212023-02-212023-02-21https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/7173In this work, the pseudostem fiber of the banana variety Hartón (Musa paradisiaca) from agricultural residues of the department of Córdoba was characterized in order to evaluate its potential as a reinforcement of polymeric matrix composite materials. The fibers were extracted through the debarking process and dried at temperatures of 40° and 90°C. Morphological characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy SEM and stereoscopy. Fourier transform infrared tests - FTIR, bromatology and thermogravimetry - TGA allowed the chemical characterization; the mechanical properties were obtained by tensile tests. A statistical analysis was carried out that allowed to relate the diameters with the mechanical properties and drying temperatures. Microfibrils composed of cellulose, arranged helically within the fiber and agglutinated mainly by lignin and hemicellulose, were observed. FTIR analysis corroborated these components, as well as functional groups such as hydroxyl and aromatic. The bromatological tests showed that the fiber has 13.63% lignin, 41.17% cellulose and 11.51% hemicellulose. Experimental values of Young's modulus, maximum tensile strength and deformation were obtained for fibers dried at 40°C of 13.6±5.7 GPa, 236.4±112.9 MPa and 1.6±0.3%, respectively. While for the fibers treated at 90°C, 12.3±4.5 GPa, 227.0±97.0 MPa and 1.6±0.3, respectively were obtained. It was concluded that, on average, the drying condition did not significantly affect the diameter of the fibers or their mechanical properties. On the other hand, at smaller diameters higher mechanical properties will be obtained. In the fibers dried at higher temperatures, greater surface degradation is evidentRESUMEN.......................................................................................................................... 14ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 151. INTRODUCCIÓN........................................................................................................ 162. OBJETIVOS................................................................................................................. 202.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL ......................................................................................... 202.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS................................................................................. 203. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ................................................................................... 203.1. FIBRAS NATURALES ......................................................................................... 203.2. FIBRAS DE ORIGEN VEGETAL ........................................................................ 213.3. COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA DE FIBRAS VEGETALES .................................... 213.4. CELULOSA........................................................................................................... 223.5. HEMICELULOSA................................................................................................. 233.6. LIGNINA ............................................................................................................... 233.7. PSEUDOTALLO DEL PLÁTANO....................................................................... 243.8. PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS DE PLÁTANO EN CÓRDOBA...................... 244. ESTADO DEL ARTE.................................................................................................. 274.1. EXTRACCIÓN DE LA FIBRA............................................................................. 274.2. PROCESO DE SECADO....................................................................................... 284.3. DENSIDAD............................................................................................................ 294.4. DETERMINACIÓN DEL DIÁMETRO DE LA FIBRA ...................................... 314.5. ANÁLISIS MORFOLÓGICO POR MICROSCOPÍA ELECTRÓNICA DE BARRIDO SEM................................................................................................................. 314.6. ENSAYO ESPECTROSCOPIA DE INFRARROJOS POR TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER - FTIR ........................................................................................................ 324.7. ANÁLISIS TERMOGRAVIMÉTRICO ................................................................ 334.8. DETERMINACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE HEMICELULOSA, CELULOSA Y LIGNINA ........................................................................................................................... 334.8.1. Determinación de fibra detergente neutra (FDN)........................................... 344.8.2. Determinación de fibra detergente ácido (FDA)............................................ 344.8.3. Determinación de lignina detergente ácido (ADL) ........................................ 354.9. PRUEBA DE TENSIÓN........................................................................................ 365. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS .................................................................................... 385.1. RECOLECCIÓN DE MATERIA PRIMA Y EXTRACCIÓN DE FIBRAS......... 385.2. PROCESO DE SECADO....................................................................................... 385.3. CURVAS DE SECADO ........................................................................................ 405.4. ENSAYO DE DENSIDAD.................................................................................... 415.5. MEDIDA DEL DIÁMETRO DE LA FIBRA........................................................ 425.6. DETERMINACIÓN DE INTERVALOS DE CLASE .......................................... 435.7. MICROSCOPÍA ELECTRÓNICA DE BARRIDO SEM ..................................... 445.8. ANÁLISIS FTIR.................................................................................................... 465.9. ANÁLISIS TERMOGRAVIMÉTRICO ................................................................ 475.10. DETERMINACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE HEMICELULOSA, CELULOSA Y LIGNINA ........................................................................................................................... 485.11. ENSAYO DE TRACCIÓN.................................................................................... 496. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES ............................................................................. 526.1. RECOLECCIÓN DE MATERIA PRIMA Y OBTENCIÓN DE FIBRAS ........... 526.2. PROCESO DE SECADO....................................................................................... 566.2.1. Secado de fibras a una temperatura de 40°C.................................................. 566.2.2. Secado bajo una temperatura de 90°C............................................................ 596.3. ANÁLISIS DE CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD ................................................... 626.4. DENSIDAD............................................................................................................ 686.5. DIÁMETRO DE LAS FIBRAS............................................................................. 696.6. MICROGRAFÍAS SEM......................................................................................... 736.7. ANÁLISIS FTIR.................................................................................................... 776.8. ANÁLISIS TERMOGRAVIMÉTRICO TGA Y DTG.......................................... 806.9. DETERMINACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO DE HEMICELULOSA, CELULOSA Y LIGNINA ........................................................................................................................... 846.10. ENSAYO DE TRACCIÓN.................................................................................... 877. CONCLUSIONES........................................................................................................ 978. RECOMENDACIONES .............................................................................................. 989. BIBLIOGRAFÍA.......................................................................................................... 99application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2023Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Fibra de pseudotallo de plátanoMateriales compuestosPropiedades mecánicasCondiciones de secadoBanana pseudostem fiberComposite materialsMechanical propertiesDrying conditions