Cardona Ayala, Carlos EnriqueCardona Cantillo, Jesús Darío2021-06-252021-06-252021-06-24https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/4201The academic practice was carried out, at the business group BANAEXPORT S.A. A company dedicated to the production of export-type quality, bananas, in the municipality of Carepa Antioquia, in which a series of activities were developed, within which, all the tasks corresponding to good agricultural practices, which were applied, within the plantation, were contemplated. The main activity carried out during the development of the practice, was the constant monitoring of the measurement activities, and of the fruit in the field. We also worked on the diagnosis of fruit population strength, with which, we intended, to obtain more information, on the right spatial distribution, and optimal conditions for the crop, batch by batch. Last but not least, constant monitoring was carried out, on the pests with the most economic importance, for the plantation, such as the hairy worm (Ceramidea viridis) and spider mite (Tetranychus sp), and diseases such as Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Sigatoka black (Mycosphaerella fijiensis).RESUMEN .......................................................................................................................................... 13ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... 14INTRODUCCION ................................................................................................................................. 151. RESEÑA HISTÓRICA DE LA EMPRESA ......................................................................................... 18MISIÓN .............................................................................................................................................. 19VISIÓN ............................................................................................................................................... 192. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................. 202.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 202.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS .......................................................................................................... 203. MARCO TEÓRICO ...................................................................................................................... 213.1 ORIGEN .................................................................................................................................... 213.2 DESCRIPCIÓN BOTÁNICA ......................................................................................................... 213.2.1 Cormo. .............................................................................................................................. 213.2.2 Raíces. .............................................................................................................................. 213.2.3 Pseudotallo. ..................................................................................................................... 223.2.4 Tallo Floral. ....................................................................................................................... 223.2.5 Hojas. ............................................................................................................................... 223.2.6 Inflorescencia. .................................................................................................................. 223.2.7 Fruto. ................................................................................................................................ 233.3 ECOLOGÍA DEL BANANO ......................................................................................................... 243.3.1 Temperatura. ................................................................................................................... 243.3.2 Lluvias. .............................................................................................................................. 243.3.3 Humedad relativa. ............................................................................................................ 243.3.4 Viento. .............................................................................................................................. 243.3.5 Suelos. .............................................................................................................................. 243.3.6 Luminosidad. .................................................................................................................... 253.3.7 Nutrición de la planta....................................................................................................... 253.4 LABORES CULTURALES ...................................................................................................... 263.4.1 Siembra ............................................................................................................................ 263.4.2 Fertilización ...................................................................................................................... 273.4.3 Control de malezas........................................................................................................... 273.4.4 Deshoje de protección. .................................................................................................... 273.4.5 Embolse. ........................................................................................................................... 273.4.6 Amarre. ............................................................................................................................ 273.4.7 Desflore. ........................................................................................................................... 283.4.8 Desbacote y desmane. ..................................................................................................... 283.5 PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES ..................................................................................................... 283.5.1 Arañita roja (Tetranychus urticae) ................................................................................... 283.5.2 Gusano peludo (Ceramidia viridis). .................................................................................. 293.5.3 Sigatoka negra (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet.). ........................................................ 293.5.4 Moko (Ralstonia solanacearum). ..................................................................................... 304. ACTIVIDADES DESARROLLADAS ................................................................................................ 324.1 LOCALIZACIÓN ......................................................................................................................... 324.2 FERTILIZACIÓN ........................................................................................................................ 324.3 MONITOREO DE PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES .......................................................................... 324.3.1 Sigatoka negra (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet). ......................................................... 334.3.2 Moko o marchitamiento bacteriano del banano y plátano (Ralstonia solanacearum). .. 334.3.3 Monitoreo y manejo de Ceramidia viridis. ...................................................................... 334.3.4 Monitoreo y manejo de Arañita roja (Tetranychus urticae) ............................................ 334.4 EVALUACION DE LABORES DE PROTECCIÓN DE FRUTA EN CAMPO....................................... 344.4.1 Edad del racimo. .............................................................................................................. 344.4.2 Embolse. ........................................................................................................................... 344.4.3 Amarre. ............................................................................................................................ 344.4.4 Desflore. ........................................................................................................................... 344.4.5 Desdede. .......................................................................................................................... 344.4.6 Desbacote. ....................................................................................................................... 354.4.7 Deshoje y despunte sanitario........................................................................................... 354.5 OBTENCIÓN DE MUESTRAS FOLIARES PARA EL ANÁLISIS NUTRICIONAL DEL CULTIVO ......... 354.6 MONITOREO DE POBLACIONES DE PLANTAS ......................................................................... 355. CONCLUSIONES ......................................................................................................................... 376. RECOMENDACIONES ................................................................................................................. 38application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2021Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)ExportaciónPlantaciónPoblaciónVigorMonitoreoExportationPlantationPopulationStrenghtMonitoring