Cabrales Herrera, Eliécer MiguelUrango Bravo, Sebastián2020-11-132020-11-132020-11-12https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/3603Of the grain cereals, maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important due to its participation in food security, in the municipality of cerete its importance is not alien since it contributes not only to food security but also also in the economy of the ceretans, whose soils have high agricultural potential, but fertilization practices are scarce, this is why the need to relate zincbased foliar fertilization with the physiological and crop yield components with the search to improve the growth and development of maize crop. For this, a trial was established in the municipality of cerete, where 3 doses of zinc were evaluated under a randomized complete block design, the variables evaluated were: Plant Height (AP), Number of Leaves (NH), Foliar Area ( AF), Dry Mass, Cob Length (LM), Rows by Cob (HM), Grains by Rows (GH), Weight of 1000 grains (P 1000 G) and Yield (RTO). The general results showed that for the variables of the physiological component AP, NH, AF and MS did not respond significantly to zinc doses, in the same way the variables of the performance component LM, HM, GH, P1000 G and RTO did not have increasing trend with increasing doses of zinc.RESUMEN ...................................................................................................................... 121 INTRODUCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 142 OBJETIVOS .............................................................................................................. 172.1 Objetivo general ........................................................................................................ 172.2 Objetivos específicos................................................................................................ 173 HIPOTESIS ............................................................................................................... 184 REVISION DE LITERATURA Y ANTECEDENTES ............................................... 194.1 GENERALIDADES DEL CULTIVO DE MAÍZ (Zea mays L.) ................................ 194.2 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA PLANTA ................................................................. 204.2.1 Taxonomía. ............................................................................................................. 204.2.2 Morfología. ............................................................................................................ 204.2.3 Aspectos fisiológicos. .............................................................................................. 234.3 FACTORES ABIÓTICOS QUE AFECTAN AL CULTIVO DE MAÍZ .................... 254.3.1 Sequia.. .................................................................................................................. 254.3.2 Fertilidad de los suelos. ........................................................................................... 254.3.3 Acidez de los suelos. ............................................................................................... 254.3.4 Salinidad en los suelos. ........................................................................................... 264.3.5 Temperatura. ........................................................................................................... 264.4 REQUERIMIENTOS EDAFOCLIMÁTICOS .......................................................... 264.4.1 Suelos... .................................................................................................................. 264.4.2 Temperatura. ........................................................................................................... 264.4.3 Luminosidad. .......................................................................................................... 264.4.4 Precipitación. .......................................................................................................... 274.4.5 Altitud.. ................................................................................................................... 274.5 NUTRICIÓN ............................................................................................................ 274.6 PERSPECTIVAS DEL CULTIVO DE MAÍZ ........................................................... 284.6.1 Globales. ................................................................................................................. 284.6.2 Locales. ................................................................................................................... 294.7 EL ZINC ................................................................................................................... 294.7.1 El zinc en el suelo. .................................................................................................. 304.7.2 El zinc en las plantas. .............................................................................................. 304.7.3 Importancia de la fertilización con zinc en los cultivos. ........................................... 314.7.4 Fertilización con zinc en el cultivo de maíz. ............................................................ 315 MATERIALES Y METODOS ................................................................................... 335.1 Localización .............................................................................................................. 335.2 Muestreo de suelos .................................................................................................... 335.3 Características del suelo ………………………………………………………………..335.3 Manejo de plagas y enfermedades ............................................................................. 365.4 Manejo de arvenses ................................................................................................... 365.5 Plan de fertilización................................................................................................... 365.6 Diseño estadístico ..................................................................................................... 375.7 Variables ................................................................................................................... 385.7.1 Variables fisiológicas. ............................................................................................. 385.7.2 Variables de rendimiento. ........................................................................................ 385.8 Procesamiento y análisis de datos .............................................................................. 396 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................ 406.2 Variables fisiológicas ................................................................................................ 406.2.1 Altura de planta. ...................................................................................................... 406.2.2 Numero de hojas ..................................................................................................... 426.2.3 Área foliar ............................................................................................................... 456.2.4 Masa seca ................................................................................................................ 476.3 Variables de rendimiento ............................................................................................ 496.3.1 Longitud de mazorca ............................................................................................... 496.3.2 Hileras por mazorca ................................................................................................ 506.3.3 Granos por hileras. .................................................................................................. 516.3.4 Peso de 1000 granos. ............................................................................................... 526.3.5 Rendimiento. ........................................................................................................... 537 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 558 RECOMENDACIONES ............................................................................................. 56BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................................................. 57application/pdfspaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2020Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Condiciones edafoclimáticasComponentes fisiológicosComponentes del rendimientoFertilización foliarZincEdaphoclimatic conditionsPhysiological componentsYield componentsFoliar fertilizationZinc