Publicación: Efecto y bioacumulación del cadmio en cuatro especies forestales (Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC, Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels, Albizia guachapele (Kunth) Dugand, Cariniana pyriformis Miers) y nueve genotipos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
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Cadmium (Cd) is a biologically nonessential heavy metal that can cause toxic effects in plants, animals, and humans. In the cultivation of cocoa in Latin America, high concentrations of this element have been reported, exceeding the levels accepted by the European Union, compromising the safety of the final products and exports of the crop. In Colombia, cocoa cultivation is developed mainly under agroforestry systems (SAF), being important to identify and quantify the contribution of the companion species of the SAF and its contribution to the natural cycle of cadmium, for which the effect and accumulation were evaluated. of cadmium on the growth of four timber species associated with cocoa SAF (Tabebuia rosea, Terminalia superba, Pseudosamanea guachapele, Cariniana pyriformis) and nine cocoa genotypes (Theobroma cacao L.) used as rootstocks. This work was developed at the La Suiza - Agrosavia Research Center, using hydroponic substrate under greenhouse conditions, establishing one experiment per species studied, under a completely randomized design with three repetitions, three treatments were applied with increasing doses of cadmium (0, 6 and 12 ppm). Growth variables were recorded, and destructive tissue samples were made to quantify the Cd concentration at 120, 150 and 180 days after sowing. The foresters T. superba and A. guachapele presented the highest yield in biomass and accumulation of Cd in the shoots, demonstrating in turn the best tolerance of the forest species evaluated at 6 ppm of Cd, standing out with an important potential to restore soils contaminated by Cd. On the other hand, a group of cocoa genotypes with low Cd accumulation (IMC-67, PA46, PA-121) was found, concentrating most of the cadmium in the roots and one promoting a low translocation towards aerial tissues. These results suggest that there is important evidence on the way forward in cocoa crop breeding, linking agroforestry arrangements with phytoremediation 4 principles and selecting cocoa genotypes with low translocation and accumulation of Cd that mitigates the bioaccumulation of the metal in the bean. cocoa.