Publicación: Las lesiones osteomusculares en runners
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The present work is a descriptive theoretical research of documentary type, since the procedure involves tracking, organization, systematization and analysis of a set of documents, articles and journals selected for a more detailed study. The units of observation were all those documents on the subject, taking into account a series of search criteria where the following descriptors were included: musculoskeletal injuries, runners and sports injuries; this writing is not limited to the collection of data, but to the prediction and identification of the connections that exist between the different theories. When searching the documents in each of the databases, more than 50 articles were pre-selected, of which 47 were chosen according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those articles that did not allude to the thematic approach and/or those that were not found in indexed journals were not taken into consideration for the analysis. LESIONES OSTEOMUSCULARES EN RUNNERS Accordingly, the word Runners in the case of amateurs, who like professionals, is defined as the type of athlete who seeks fundamentally in sports practice to optimize their personal times, are committed to objectives such as participating in competitions from ten kilometers to the marathon, have different characteristics than winning or beating competition records. (Giorgi, Esguerra, et al, 2011, P. 217). Musculoskeletal injuries in amateur runners have had a great impact due to not presenting an effective physical prescription and an adequate training plan; running has gained a large number of participants recently due to a series of events promoted in social networks with solidarity purposes or health promotion sponsored by brands. The little information and/or knowledge of this trend causes failures at the moment to participate deriving an endless number of musculoskeletal injuries as a consequence of several errors of specific technique, volume of training and dosage of loads, which have caused acute and chronic injuries that diminish the performance and lead to a physical and psychological trauma. The purpose of this study is to analyze the most frequent musculoskeletal injuries in runners that occur in the practice of running. A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative articles and publications in databases such as Scielo, Pubmed, Google Scholar with keywords like musculoskeletal injuries, runners, lower limbs, among others for their search. The procedure used in this analysis was the exhaustive verification of more than 50 articles related to sports injuries in lower extremity. It has been shown that training errors, musculoskeletal imbalance, anatomical misalignment, footwear and playing surfaces are risk factors for lower extremity injuries in runners; the most frequent injuries that occur are Achilles tendinitis, hamstring tears and periostitis. The little physical preparation, the previous knowledge and the lack of adequate attachments of the amateurs or sportsmen for this modality of race are factors of risks that affect the osteomuscular injuries since they lead to a great physical and mental demand.