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El arroz, es el segundo cereales de mayor importancia y consume en el mundo, además es materia prima de gran importancia en la elaboración de alimentos procesados. La práctica empresarial se realizó con el objetivo de conocer el manejo agronómico de variedades de arroz (oryza sativa L) bajo diferentes épocas de siembra del centro de investigación la victoria Fedearroz – Montería. El estudio se realizó bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro (4) repeticiones, y seis (6) tratamientos (genotipos) por cada repetición. Las variedades evaluadas fueron Fedearroz 2000, Fedearroz 473, Fedearroz 70, Fedearroz 67, Fedearroz 68 y Fedearroz Yemaya. Para conocer cual o cuales presentan mejor comportamiento agronómico, rendimiento y de sus componentes, mediante seguimiento y toma de datos de las variables: Altura de plata, fases fenológicas de la planta, evaluación de daños bióticos. Los resultados muestran que la variedad Fedearroz 70 presentó un rendimiento superior a los demás materiales en todas las épocas de siembra, presentó el mayor rendimiento, con valores de 5,02 toneladas, superando a los demás materiales evaluados.

A monitoring of mites, insects and diseases was carried out in the cultivation of Tahiti lime (C. latifolia Tanaka) in order to determine its incidence and control. This crop belongs to the company AGROINDEFUTURO S.A.S in the farm the independence of the municipality of Planeta Rica, Córdoba. Five batches of Tahiti acid lime called Nonmebrome 1, Nonmebrome 2, Nonmebrome 3, Mirolindo and Carimagua were sampled. In the trees sampled by lot it was determined that the pests were located in tender shoots and fruits, therefore, the presence of Hindu mite (Schizotetranychus sp), red spider (Tetranychus urticae), diaphorina (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella), and citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus). In determining the incidence of each of them it was found that initially they could cause agroeconomic damage to the crop, therefore, corrective measures were established that were positive, which resulted in a decrease in the final incidence of pests on the crop. Additionally, the presence of diseases gummosis and anthracnose was found with an incidence of less than 1% after having performed a generalized sampling in the cultivation of lime cv. Tahiti, with 22,448 trees based on the symptoms observed in the organs of the plants. It was concluded that the implementation of good agronomic practices in cultivation helped to reduce the increases in insect pest populations between a range of 0.41% to 15.25% for Hindu mite, 4.6% to 23% for red spider, 0.59% to 11.84% for diaphorina, 7.05% to 21.53% for citrus leafminer and 1.69% to 21.40% for thrips.

This practice was developed in the Urabá - Antioqueño region, in the farms of the southern zone of the company Agrícola Sara Palma S.A., which is dedicated to the production and export of high-quality banana (Premium), this practice consisted of carrying out follow-ups, evaluations, monitoring and trials in the cultivation of bananas (Musa AAA), In the farms entrusted to the area of technical services in the southern zone, located between the municipalities of Chigorodo and Carepa belonging to the department of Antioquia, in this internship process, training and accompaniment were carried out for workers in cultural tasks (Embolse, mooring, topping, protection, gauntlet and stripping MIS), Equipment management and calibration (weed fumigation, equipment disinfection, pump calibration). Fulfilling as main objective the monitoring and control of black palm weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar) in the Horizon farm, under the programming of the technical services department, in order to reinforce and provide feedback on the work and management of pests that can cause great losses of importance economic. The business internships allowed me to consolidate knowledge in management and management of the banana crop and industry, which is of great interest in the Urabá - Antioqueño region, to attribute everything acquired to professional life and work environment

Bananas are a staple in the diets of millions of people around the world and are vital for food security, in addition, they represent a valuable source of income, jobs and social development in the regions. However, the production is severely affected by the attacks of pests and diseases, which represent the main limiting factor in the production in the massive production of this tropical fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to implement integrated management strategies in banana cultivation that help minimize losses. Taking the above as a reference, the internship report was proposed, which aimed to accompany the Monitoring and evaluation of the management practices of the Cavendish-type banana crop (Musa AAA) at the Velero farm in Carepa, Antioquia. Cultural and sanitary work in the Cavendish-type banana cultivation was followed for 5 months at the Velero farm in the municipality of Carepa (Antioquia). In each lot of the farm, a visual inspection was carried out of the tasks of topping, surgery, deslamine, leaf removal, identification, tying and retying, deflowering, starting, stripping, weeding and fertilization. In addition, monitoring of insects, weeds and evaluation of disease incidence were carried out. The results showed that the timely performance of work monitoring will improve the quality in the performance of the work by the operators and by increasing the productive conditions of the plantation. Regarding phytosanitary management, the farm did not have an adequate system for the prevention and management of moko, which was reflected in the levels of incidence of the disease (10.95%) in some lots. Therefore, measures were implemented to mitigate the spread of the disease. Regarding pests, the presence of the insect Ceramidia viridis was found, although at very low levels (# adults / trap), which was managed in a timely manner by monitoring traps and the application of products was not necessary due to the low population. Of the insect. Within the cultivation work, it was found that during the weeding the operators did not bend the trunk and did not eliminate regrowth, errors that were very common in the lots. Based on the above, we can say that all the pertinent tasks for the proper management of the plantations were carried out, taking into account the indications given by the administration and improving the shortcomings found in the activities carried out by the operators.

La práctica empresarial se realizó en la finca madrigal del Municipio de Apartado– Antioquia, la finca perteneciente al grupo empresarial Bananeras de Urabá S. A, la cual se dedica a la producción de banano calidad Premium para el mercado internacional en el zona norte de Antioquia. Con el objetivo de hacer seguimiento a las prácticas agronómicas y labores culturales que se realizaban en la finca buscando el mejoramiento de la calidad de fruta. Para cumplir con este propósito se realizaron supervisiones y visitas a labores en campo, revisando labores de deshoje, desmache, embolse, amarre, desmane, desflore, desdede, protectores o Yumbolon, desvió de racimos o hijos, fertilización, control de malezas y drenajes, con el fin de que cada operario ejecutara de manera correcta la labor, y se dieron pautas para mejorar su trabajo, además se realizó un ensayo de campo para evaluar dos estrategias de desmane: el tradicional de la zona del Urabá (F+2) y la del ensayo (F+1+1ra basal), con el fin de mejorar la calidad del racimo en cuanto al disminución de los defectos no aprovechable. Los resultados indicaron mejorías en la realización de las labores de campo y producción de fruta de una mejor calidad, mostrando mayor aprovechamiento de la fruta y una correcta ejecución de las prácticas para el manejo del cultivo de banano. El ensayo se obtiene menos defectos, que son propios de las manos basales y además se obtiene mayor porcentaje de manos medianas y pequeñas que facilitan en empaque.

In order to improve the learning component on the management of export type banana plantations, this business practice was implemented, which was carried out in the Acacias and Ceiba farms of the company C.I TROPICAL S.A.S., whose main objective was to monitor the cultural work in nursery and establishment stages of the banana crop (Musa AAA) in these two farms in the Urabá region and thus contribute to better development, maintenance and production of the crop. The internship began with the induction and training on banana cultivation, where tasks were assigned in the supervision of the following tasks: planting of plants, weeding, cutting of the growing point of the shoots and rhizomes, planting and fertilization of these, counting and data entry of the shoots and rhizomes, counting and data entry of the shoots and rhizomes. In addition, work in the nursery stage was supervised: preparation of substrate and filling of bags, planting in bags, planting of meristems in bags, selection of propagation material, application of fertilizers, integrated management of pests, weeds and diseases. With the activities carried out, it was possible to obtain good quality seedlings and seeds, which were used in the renewal programs and harvest scheduling of different crop lots; plant health was also improved, among other things.

The business practice was carried out in the Oasis, Dunas and Guadalupe farms, belonging to the company GRUPO 20. S.A, located in the municipality of Turbo, Zona Bananera de Urabá. The purpose of the business practice, was to develop activities focused on the task fruit protection carried out by the operators, following the internal procedures manual. The main problems that affected the physical appearance of the fruit were identified, and to solve this, the management of field work was taken into account and in this way the importance of evaluating the execution of said activities within the cultivation, contributed to the efficiency in the production process and to the implementation of timely correction strategies that in turn allow obtaining a final product with the quality that is requested within the demands of the market.

El banano es el principal producto de exportación en el departamento del Magdalena, el cual se exporta principalmente a Europa y Estados Unidos representando cerca del 30% del total exportado a nivel nacional; este cultivo requiere de una serie de labores tanto en campo como en la planta empacadora para obtener excelentes resultados en la fruta. Esta investigación se estableció en Santa Marta, Magdalena, en la finca naranjito perteneciente a la empresa Agrobanacaribe S.A.S; el objetivo del trabajo fue realizar seguimiento de labores y apoyar en el estudio de tratamientos del agua de riego en la producción de banano tipo exportación, buscando manejar suelos salinos, de forma económica, brindando calidad y rendimiento en la planta de banano; se evaluaron dos (2) tratamientos, que consistían en adicionar ácido nítrico y utilizar un magnetizador con el agua de riego, aplicados en una plantación antigua y una plantación renovada; se escogieron dos (2) lotes para la antigua, en uno se hizo riego con magnetizador y en el otro con ácido nítrico, así mismo se trabajó con la renovada para un total de cuatro (4) lotes evaluados; se inició la recolección de datos a finales del año 2017 y finalizo en el 2019. El magnetizador resulto ser más rentable que el ácido nítrico y obtuvo mejores resultados con respecto al manejo de suelos salinos y los parámetros relacionados al perfil del racimo.

The cultivation of industrial cassava is of great economic importance in different municipalities of Córdoba and Sucre in our environment, in addition to being a great generator of jobs and benefits, for this reason it is important to contribute through our professional practices essential knowledge for good development of cultivation in the municipality of Caucasia-Antioquia for great performance because it is an area of little production. The business practice was carried out in the municipality of Caucasia - Antioquia with the purpose of supporting the work and activities of the rio viejo village, which is intended for the planting and production of industrial cassava. These tasks focused on training, monitoring and evaluating the harvesting, chopping and drying processes including the final production, noting that it is of great relevance to correctly develop all the activities that are directly related to the yield of the harvest, especially the handling of the machinery and the harvesting processes to avoid damages and alterations of the product that is limiting in the production of dry cassava or starch. In some cases, shortcomings were found in the way of carrying out the work and they were immediately supported by training the personnel, which contributed to an evident improvement of the harvesting process, demonstrating that technical assistance in these cases is essential for that the proposed goals are met in terms of the expected tasks.

The behavior of the ripening stain was monitored and analyzed in banana plantations for export at Finca El Paso of the company PLANTÍOS S.A.S., located at km 2 via Carepa-Antioquia, municipality of Apartadó, in Urabá Antioqueño. The farm has established the Cavendish-Valery banana clone, in a production area of 217.5 ha, divided into three sections: El Paso with 75.14 hectares (lots 1-15), El Golpe Section with 67.53 hectares (lots 16 - 28), and finally the Lutina Section with 72.77 hectares (lots 29 - 43). In the period from February 19, 2019 to August 19, 2019, the activities carried out were: carrying out in-band waste analysis during the production process, determination of losses due to defects during the production process. All activities take place on time. The most common defects represented in productivity losses, corresponded to spots of maturity, malformation and management and field scars; Being the stain of maturity the defect as significant in the plantation generating a variable of high era in the farm and the loss of usable boxes due to this defect.

This practice in the CDF company in Colombia was carried out with the specification of transfer of technical knowledge to specific centrifugal producers in phytosanitary management, more efficient laboratories including social support and the educational component. Work was carried out in rural areas on a population of approximately 1800 farmers, 500 of whom were tabulated in a resume that involved data, practices carried out, training, volume of harvest, applications of agricultural inputs, supervision of child labor, care for the environment and personal care. The rest were kept daily log of activities in addition to technical support. It was possible to analyze through soil studies the chemical properties of the most influential areas in the production of black tobacco. It was possible to carry out a field study on “cane” Faustinus cubae B. in order to achieve better controls when carrying out an intervention and to prepare better prevention mechanisms for future plantings. Most farmers adopted better techniques in the execution of the work, monitoring, self-care and last but not least the conservation and mitigation of impacts to the environment

The cultivation of bananas is of great economic importance in our environment, in addition to being a great generator of jobs, for this reason it is important to contribute through our professional practices essential knowledge for the proper development of the crop. The business practice was carried out in the municipality of San Juan de Urabá - Antioquia in order to support the daily work and activities of the El Laguito farm, which is intended for the export of Hartón variety banana. These tasks focused on monitoring and evaluations from sowing to final production, pest and disease management, supervision in tasks such as fertilization and weed management, among others, noting that it is of great relevance to correctly develop all activities that are directly related with crop performance, especially the management of diseases such as Black Sigatoka that is limiting in production. In some cases, shortcomings were found in the way of carrying out the work and they were immediately supported by training the personnel, which contributed to an evident improvement in production, demonstrating that technical assistance in these cases is essential for the proposed goals regarding the expected returns are met.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de ácido alfa naftalenacético (ANA) sobre la formación de frutos partenocárpicos del hibrido de palma de aceite OxG como nueva alternativa de polinización asistida. El experimento fue desarrollado en lotes de la empresa Agro Industrias “Villa Claudia”, localizados en el corregimiento de Yarima, municipio de San Vicente de Chucurí y el Bajo Simacota, departamento de Santander. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos estuvieron constituidos por: T1: ANA líquida a 1200 ppm; T2: ANA sólido al 6% ; T3: ANA + polen al 6%; T4: ANA + polen (3) al 6% ; T5: poliniza-6 al 8%; T6: poliniza-6 + polen al 8%; T7: polen. Las variables evaluadas fueron: peso medio de racimos (PMR), racimos de fruta fresca (RFF), número de racimos (NR), potencial de extracción de aceite (PA), las cuales se realizarán durante los seis meses inmediatamente posteriores a las aplicaciones. Se evaluaron otras variables como: longitud de raquis, área foliar, emisión foliar, número de racimos y estructuras florales, número de abortos y número de insectos polinizadores, las cuales se midieron al inicio de las aplicaciones de los tratamientos y seis meses después. Por tal motivo, los resultados relacionados con productividad y potencial de aceite (PMR, RFF, NR, PA) no se encuentran disponibles para obtener las conclusiones y recomendaciones del caso debido a que están en pleno desarrollo. Sin embargo, esta pasantía contribuyó a fortalecer los conocimientos del pasante en el cultivo y en la investigación.

This business practice was carried out in the company Agrícola Sara Palma S.A. dedicated to the production of export-type bananas in the municipalities of Apartadó, Carepa and Chigorodó, Urabá region, department of Antioquia (Colombia). Management tasks in banana cultivation aimed at obtaining high productivity and excellent quality of banana fruit were monitored, in response to the demand of the purchasing market. Within these tasks, attention was focused on the task of trimming (selection of shoot in succession) as it is essential for the sustainability of the good quality of the fruit over time. In correspondence with the above, the objective of the practice was to identify the determining cycle of trimming of the best biometric characteristics and improvement of the quality of the fruit in the banana plantation in the "El Cascarón" farm located in the municipality of Carepa. In order to achieve this objective, a monitoring of the work of trimming and other tasks articulated to it was carried out. In addition, three trimming cycles (T1, T2, T3) were evaluated to identify the one with the best response in relation to biometric characteristics and fruit quality. The trimming cycle called T3 was the one that showed the best response in relation to the characteristics of bunch weight, average number of fingers per hand and final quality of the fruit. Keywords: Banana, topping management, quality, management